1. .., .., .. . ., 2000
2. .. . ., 1983
3. .. The English Word. ., 1973
4. .. : . . . - . . . . .: . , 1983
5. L.M.Volkova. Lectures in Theoretical Grammar. National Linguistic University of Kiev, 2006. 30 .
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2. .., .. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. ., 1973
3. .. . ., 1985
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5. .. . . ., 1958. 396 .
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Lexicology
| Applied lexicology | translation, lexicography, pragmatics of speech |
| Comparative lexicology | studies closely relative languages from the point of view of their identity and differentiation |
| Descriptive lexicology | deals with the English word in its morphological and semantical structures, investigating the interdependence between these two aspects |
| Dialectology | is a branch of sociolinguistics that studies the systematic variants of a language |
| Etymology | is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time |
| General lexicology | part of general linguistics, is concerned with the study of vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of any particular language |
| Historical lexicology | deals with the historic change of words in the course of language development |
| Lexeme | is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word |
| Lexicography | is the science and art of compiling dictionary |
| Lexicology | is the part of linguistics which studies words, their nature and meaning, words elements, relations between words and word groups |
| Onomastics | is the science of names, naming conventions, and the origin and history of names |
| Semasiology | is a branch of linguistics, which studies the meaning of the language units |
| Special lexicology | is the lexicology of a particular language (Russian, German, French, etc.) |
| Terminology | is the study of terms and their use |
| Vocabulary | is the knowledge of words and word meanings |
| Word equivalent | denotes set expressions similar to words in so far as they are integrated semantically, not created in speech but introduced into the act of communication ready-made |
| A word | is the smallest free form in a language, in contrast to a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning |
| Assimilation | is a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound |
| Barbarism | a word or expression which is formed from elements of different languages |
| Borrowing | is a word taken over from another language and modified in phonemic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of English language |
| Loan word | is a word taken over from another language and modified in phonemic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of English language |
| Etymological doublets | are two words of the same language which were derived by different routes from the same basic word |
| Etymological triplets | groups of three words of common root |
| Etymology | is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time |
| International words | words are borrowed by several languages, and not just by one |
| Morphemic borrowings | are borrowings of affixes which occur in the language when many words with identical affixes are borrowed from one language into another, so that the morphemic structure of borrowed words becomes familiar to the people speaking the borrowing language |
| Semantic borrowing | the development in an English word of a new meaning due to the influence of a related word in another language |
| An archaism | is language that was current at one time, but has passed out of regular use |
| Coinage | coinage of a new word |
| Set expressions | are word groups consisting of two or more words whose combination is integrated so that they are introduced in speech |
| Broadening of meaning | when a word with a specific or limited meaning is widened |
| Metaphor | is the concept of understanding one thing in terms of another |
| Onomatopoeic motivation | chiefly stems from imitation of human, animal or natural sounds in the extralinguistic matter |
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Theoretical grammar
| Practical grammar | is the description of grammar rules that are necessary to understand and formulate sentences |
| Theoretical grammar | offers explanation for these rules. |
| Semantics | studies the referential meaning of units |
| Syntactics (or syntax) | studies formal relation of units to one another |
| Pragmatics | the study of the relationship between linguistic units and the users of those units |
| Language | is a collective body of knowledge, it is a set of basic elements |
| Speech | is closely connected with language, as it is the result of using the language, the result of a definite act of speaking |
| Paradigmatic relations | are relations based on the principles of similarity |
| Syntagmatic relations | exist at every language level |
| Synthetic languages | are defined as ones of internal grammar of the word |
| Analytical languages | are those of external grammar |
| Expressive unit | ensures the thought-forming function of the language |
| Nominative unit | is realized with the help of which the naming function of language |
| Semioticsystem | means of linguistic signs |
| Functionalapproach | in language analysis deals with the language in action |
| Lexicalmeaning is the individual meaning of the word (e.g. table). Grammaticalmeaning is the meaning of the whole class or a subclass. | |
| Implicitgrammatical meaning | is not expressed formally |
| Explicitgrammatical meaning | is always marked morphologically |
| General grammatical meaning | is the meaning of the whole word-class, of a part of speech |
| Dependent grammatical meaning | is the meaning of a subclass within the same part of speech. |
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