. 1970- 1980- (KSA, 1987; Hunter, 1990; Hunter, 1993; Hunter, 1995). 1990- (Christopher, 1996). (Gereffi, 1994). .
. , (Williamson, 1971), (Williamson, 1975).
2.4.
. , , ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), . , , . .
. , . .
1. , , , .
2. , . , , , , , .
3. , () . , . , . , -.
4. , ( , , ). , - , .
, . , , . , , (Smith, 1910[1776]).