:
1) :
2) :
: | ||||
+X, +Y | -X, +Y | -X, -Y | +X, -Y | |
a = r | a = 180 - r | a = 180 + r | a = 360 - r |
3) :
. .
.
. . , ↑- , - , F-, - , - , n-- , β- , δ- , f- , D- , D- .
D=D+f+δ, f+δ=- , D=D+. D=n/2*ctg(β/2) ( ). .. β , ctg(β/2)=2ctgβ, D'=n*ctgβ. ctgβ=k- , D=kn+c. : =0,1-, β=34,38, ctg34,38=k=100. : 1/300-1/400.
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, .
- . , . .
- .
=0,5yi(xi-1 xi+1)=0,5xi(yi+1 yi-1), i=1,2,3...n.
- . . ( )
1/1000. : 1/200-1/300, 1/100.
. .
. .
:
1) (00-1800).
2) .
, 0. , ( - , , )
:
=0,5(+)
ν=0,5(-)
ν=-=-
18