| The law which governs (1) Ohio and its citizens an be classified into (2) four main types. These are: constitutional law (3), which is the fundamentntal law (4); statutory law (5), which is written law (6) adopted by legislative bod- ies (7), administrative law (8), which consists of written rules adopted by (9) various government agencies under limited authority (10) granted (11) by legislative bodies; and the com- mon law(12), which is a large set of principles (13) based on the decisions of judges in particu- lar cases. These written decisions are often re- ferred to as (14) case law(15). The Constitutions. The United States consti- tution. The Constitution enumerates (16) the powers (17) to be exercised by (18) the federal government, reserves (19) all other powers to the states and spells out (20) the relationships of the states among themselves and with the federal government. It establishes three branches of the federal government: legislative, which is the Congress and has the duty to make the laws; executive (21), which is the President (and the Presidents subordinates (22)), whose duty is to see that the laws made by Congress are carried out (23); and judicial (24), consisting of the national court system headed by the United States Supreme Court (25), whose duties are to interpret (26) the laws and to administer justice (27). One of most important aspects of the United States Constitution is a special concern (28) for individual rights (29). It lists several things the federal government and states cannot do, and enumerates a far-reaching series of individual rights and immunities (30)/ As the supreme law of the nation (31), the United States Constitution sets standards (32) against which all other laws must be judged (33). | 1. (); 2. ; 3. ; 4. , ; 5. ; 6. ; 7. ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. ; 11. ; 12. ; 13. ; 14. ; 15. ; 16. ; 17.; 18. ; 19. ; 20. ; 21. (); 22. ; 23. ; 24. (); 25. ; 26. ; 27. ; 28. , ; 29. ; 30. ; 31. ; 32. ; 33. . |
Exercise 2. Translate into Ukrainian.
1. to spell out the relationships; 2. limited authority; 3. to set standards; 4. constitutional law; 5. Presidents subordinates; 6. to administer justice; 7. individual rights; 8. fundamental law; 12. set of principles; 13. case law; 14. government agencies; 15. written law; 16. to enumerate the powers; 17. special concern; 18. national court system; 19. supreme law of the nation.
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
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1. ; 2. ; 3. , 4. , ; 5. ; 6. ; 7 ; 8. ; 9. ; 10. ; 11. ; 12. ; 13. ; 14.; 15. , 16. ; 17. ; 18. ; 19. ; 20. ; 21. ; 22. ,.23. ; 24. ; 25. (); 26. (); 27. ; 28. ; 29. ; 30. (); 31. ; 32. ; 33. , .
Exercise 4. Match the phrases in column A with their equivalents in column B.
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1. .. . . , 2001 . . . . . . .: , 2005.
2. .. . .: , 1968.
3. .. . .: , 1983.
4. . . . , 2000.
5. . . : - - // . . . 21 (37). .: (), 2005.
6. . . : . . ., 2004
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7. .., .. : , . .: Academia, 2003.
8. .. . ., 2001.
.. ( ). - .: IJ, 2004.
9. .. . .: , 2002
10. .. . . 2000.
.. / / . ., 1994.
.. . ., 2000
11. Simpson, AWB "The Common Law and Legal Theory." Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
