Exercise 4. . : old older; beautiful more beautiful; good better
1. large; 2. big; 3. happy; 4. pretty; 5. young; 6. bad; 7. good; 8. difficult;
9. serious; 10. busy; 11. careful; 12. little.
Exercise 5. , . : This building is very old. Its the oldest building in the city.
1. It was a very happy day. It was day in my life.
2. Its a very good film. Its I have ever seen.
3. She is a very popular singer. She is singer in our country.
4. It was a bad mistake. It was mistake I have ever made.
5. She is a very pretty girl. She is girl I have ever seen.
6. He is a very interesting person. He is person Ive ever met.
Exercise 6. asas soas.
: My room is as light as this one. This child is not so small as that one.
1. Mike is tall Pete. 2. Kate is not nice Ann. 3. I am not young Pete. 4. Sergey is old Michael. 5. Kate is lazy her brother. 6. Nicks English is not good his friends.
Exercise 7. , .
1. Russia is a very (large) country. 2. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world. 3. English is as (difficult) as German. 4. John is (old) than Tom. 5. Your handwriting is now (good) than it was last year. 6. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia?
to be
Exercise 8. am, is, are.
1.The weather very nice today. 2. These bags very nice. 3. Can you close the window? I cold. 4. Ann and I good friends. 5. Ann at home, but her children at school. 6. I a student and my brother a pupil.
Exercise 9. , to be (Present Simple).
: Are you Russian? Yes, I am. I am Russian.
1. What is your name? 2. Where are you from? 3. How old are you? 4. Are you married or single? 5. Whats your wifes /your husbands name? 6. How old is he / she?
Exercise 10. (Past Simple), , , yesterday, last month (week) .. : My sister is seventeen today. My sister was seventeen yesterday.
1.We are at home now. 2. I am late for the lesson. 3. The childrens hands are dirty. 4. My son is at the library now. 5. It is a fine day today. 6. The weather is very hot in summer.
Exercise 11. (Future Simple), tomorrow, next month (week) ..
: Tom is seven today. Tom will be seven next summer.
1. The weather is fine in the morning.
2. My friends are at the disco now.
3. Nick is at the university on Monday.
4. My mother and my father are at home this evening.
5. I am busy this Sunday.
6. We are so tired after the trip.
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Exercise 12. am/ am not/ is/ isnt/ are/ arent/ was/ wasnt/ were/ werent.
: Are you married? No, I am not.
1. Cats big animals.
2. I phoned you yesterday evening, but you at home. Where you?
3. Last year we in Paris.
4. George at work last week because he ill.
5. Diamonds cheap.
6. Motor-racing a dangerous sport.
Exercise 13. am/ am not/ is/ isnt/ are/ arent/ was/ wasnt/ were/ werent or will be.
: Is it dark now? No, it isnt. It will be dark in an hour.
1. The weather nice today, but yesterday it cold.
2. Where you last Friday morning?
3. Where the children? - They in the garden.
4. your friends at the disco next Sunday? Yes, they will.
5. Dont buy these shoes. They very expensive.
6. I must go now. It very late.
there be
Exercise 14. .
1. There is / are a large table in my room.
2. There is / are two windows in the classroom.
3. There was / were many children in the park yesterday.
4. There wasnt / werent a cinema here in 1970.
5. There was / will be a nice disco next Sunday.
6. There is / are a blackboard, ten tables and two chairs in our classroom.
Exercise 15. there is / is there / there isnt/ isnt there/ there are/ arent / are there?
1. Look! a photograph of George in the newspaper.
2. Where can we sit? any chairs in the room.
3. Excuse me, a restaurant here?
4. How many students in your group?
5. How many players in a football team?
6. We cant take any photographs. a film in a camera.
Exercise 16. there is / is there/ there are/ there was/ there were/ there will be.
1. Look! This bag is empty. nothing in it.
2. When we arrived at the cinema, a long queue outside.
3. Why are those policemen outside the bank? a robbery?
4. Tomorrow the weather will be cold. some rain in the afternoon.
5. Ten years ago 500 children at school.
6. This is a modern city. many high buildings here.
to have
Exercise 17. .
: You/ a camera? 1. Have you got a camera?
2. Do you have a camera?
1. You/ a passport? 2. Your father/ a car? 3. Mr. and Mrs. Smith/ any children? 4. How much money/ you? 5. What kind of car/ John? 6. Carol/ many friends?
Exercise 18. have got (ve got)/ has got (s got)/ havent got/ hasnt got.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson two children, a boy and a girl.
2. Where is my newspaper? I dont know. I it.
3.An insect six legs.
4. Ben doesnt read much. He many books.
5. I cant open the door. I got the key.
6. Quick! Hurry! We much time.
Exercise 19. had/ didnt have/ did have.
1. Last year I much money. 2. What kind of car your father last month? 3. I was in a hurry and I breakfast this morning. 4. you a good holiday in Spain? Yes, I did. 5. She a pen, but she any paper to write a letter. 6. You this book yesterday, did you?
Exercise 20. Present Simple .
: Peter..(smoke) ten cigarettes. Peter smokes ten cigarettes a day.
1. We usually (have) breakfast at 9 oclock.
2. Tina (teach) mathematics at school.
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3. I always (go) to the University by bus.
4. My friend (speak) four languages.
5. The Earth (go) round the Sun.
6. My children (like) playing football very much.
7. These shoes (cost) a lot of money.
8. The City Museum (close) at 5 oclock.
Exercise 21. .
: I play the piano very well. - I dont play the piano very well.
1. I play football very well.
2. My mother works hard.
3. My brother watches TV very often.
4. On Sundays we go to the restaurants.
5. Their children live in the centre of the town.
6. Every morning I drink a cup of coffee.
Exercise 22. .
1. a) Peter work in a bank.
b) Peter works in a bank.
2. a) Sally and Tim live in Madrid.
b)Sally and Tim live in Madrid.
3. a) Does she lives in a house or in a flat?
b) Does she live in a house or in a flat?
4. a) How many languages do you speak?
b) How many languages does you speak?
5. a) What time does the bank open?
b) What time does the bank opens?
6. a) Does you like ice-cream?
b) Do you like ice-cream?
Exercise23. Present Simple Past Simple, .
1. James usually (finish) work at 4.30 p.m.
2. Yesterday he (finish) work at 4.30 p.m.
3. He usually (go) home by train.
4. Yesterday he (go) home by taxi.
5. He usually (have) dinner at home.
6. Yesterday he (have) dinner in a café.
Exercise24. Past Simple.
The Hamburger.
An American chef from Connecticut Louis Lassen 1) (make) and 2) (sell) the first hamburgers in 1895. He 3) (call) them hamburgers because sailors from Hamburg in Germany 4) (give) him the recipe. The students from Yale University and businessmen 5) (love) them and 6) (buy) them. Kenneth Louis Lassen, a grandson, still sells hamburgers in Connecticut.
Exercise 25. .
1. I to the shop yesterday.
a) goes b) go c) went
2. Tom ten minutes ago.
a) wake b) woke c) wakes
3. Lucy her hat in the bus yesterday.
a) left b) leave c) leaves
4. I..my aunt last week.
a) see b) saw c) sees
5. How often visit your grandmother last year?
a) did you b) do you c) does you
6. My brothera computer last week.
a) didnt buy b) didnt bought c) doesnt buy
Exercise26. , . .
: watch /TV - Tom watched TV yesterday.
not/ drink/ coffee/ in the morning He didnt drink coffee in the morning yesterday.
1. get up/ at 7.30 a.m.
2. not/ have/ a shower
3. eat/ meat
4. buy/ a camera
5. not/ go/ to the cinema
6. go/ to/ bed/ late at night
Exercise27. Past Simple, , .
: I played (play) tennis yesterday, but I didnt win (not/win).
1. We (wait) for a bus for a long time, but it (not/ come).
2. Thats a nice shirt. Where (you/ buy/ it)?
3. Ann (see) me but she (not/ speak) to me.
4. (it/ rain) yesterday? - No, it was a nice day.
5. That was a stupid thing to do. Why (you/ do/ it)?
6. She wasnt hungry, so she (not/ eat) anything.
Exercise28. Present Simple Future Simple.
Tom 1) (play) tennis every day. He 2) (play) tennis next Sunday. My mother 3) (not/ work) on Sunday. My mother 4) (not/ work) next Sunday. Where 5) you (go) every summer? Where 6) you (go) next summer?
Exercise29. .
1. How old you be next year?
a) will b) did c) do
2. Who meet you at the station?
a) shall b) do c) will
3. Take some sandwiches. You have time to go to the café.
a) wont b) will c) shall
4. If you dont work hard you pass your examinations.
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a) wont b) will c)did
5. Your English is good. I am sure you pass your test.
a) shall b) will c) shant
Exercise 30. Future Simple.
I 1) (go) to my doctor tomorrow. He 2) (give) me a complete examination. The doctor 3) (take) my pulse. Then he 4) (listen to) my heart with a stethoscope. After it he 5) (take) my blood pressure. Then the doctor 6) (do) a cardiogram. He is a very good doctor!
Exercise 31. Future Simple. .
: You (come) to my place? - Will you come to my place?
1. (you/ read) this book?
2. What (you/ do) tomorrow?
3. You (not/help) your mother tomorrow.
4. We... (not/go) to the Zoo next Sunday.
5. (your brother/ buy) a new computer next week?
6. Where (your sister/ go) next year?
Exercise 32. (Present Progressive).
1. Look at Ann. She a tree.
a) climbing b) is climbing c) am climbing
2. They for a test now.
a) are studying b) is studying c) am studying
3. Tom the dog at the moment.
a) walks b) are walking c) is walking
4. I my favourite book at the moment.
a) is reading b) are reading c) am reading
5. Look! They football.
a) is playing b) are playing c) play
6. The man in the bank money now.
a) counts b) are counting c) is counting
Exercise 33. Present Progressive.
This is the dentistsurgery. A few people 1) (wait) for a dentist. Some children 2) (play) and their mothers 3) (talk) to each other. The receptionist () 4) (answer) the telephone. A young man 5) (read) a newspaper. The nurse 6) (come) into the room to call the next patient.
Exercise 34. Present Simple Present Progressive.
Every summer Tanya and her family 1) (go) on holiday. They usually 2) (stay) in England but at the moment they 3) (travel) by plane. They 4) (go) to America. Tanya 5) (be) very excited. She 6) (look) out of the window and 7) (laugh). Her brother 8) (play) a game. He 9) (like) airplanes. He 10) (want) to be a pilot.
Exercise 35. Present Simple (I do) Present Progressive (I am doin g).
1. Tom (have) a bath at the moment.
2. They (not/ watch) television very often.
3. How often (you/ read) a newspaper?
4. You can turn off the radio. I (not/ listen) to it.
5. What time (she/ finish) work every day?
6. Listen! Somebody (sing).
7. Where (you/ go) now?
8. What (the children/ do) in the garden?
Exercise 36. Present Progressive (I am doing) Past Progressive (I was doing).
1. My sister (sleep) now.
2. My sister (sleep) at this time yesterday.
3. My friends (play) volley-ball at seven oclock yesterday.
4. My friends (play) volley-ball now.
5. What (you/ do) now? - I (drink) tea.
6. (you/ have) tea at this time yesterday? - No, I (not/ have) tea at this time yesterday, I (eat)a banana.
7. Why (she/ cry) now?
8. Why (she/ cry) when I saw her yesterday?
Exercise 37. Past Simple (I did) Past Progressive (I was doing).
1. I (go) to the cinema yesterday.
2. I (go) to the cinema at 4 oclock yesterday.
3. I (do) my homework when my mother came home.
4. I... (do) my homework yesterday.
5. We (wash) the floor in our flat from 3 till 4 oclock yesterday.
6. We (wash) the floor in our flat yesterday.
Exercise 38. Future Simple (I will do) Future Progressive (I will be doing).
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1. Ann (do) her homework tomorrow.
2. Ann (do) her homework at 6 oclock tomorrow.
3. Dont come to my place tomorrow. I (write) a composition the whole evening.
4. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (read) a book.
5. What (you/ do) at 6 oclock tomorrow?
6. What (you/ do) tomorrow?
7. (you/ play) football tomorrow?
8. I (not/ go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (watch) TV the whole evening.
Exercise 39. Present Perfect (have/ has done).
1. I cant find my passport. I (lose) it.
2. Its Toms birthday tomorrow. I (not/buy) him a present yet.
3. Is Nick here? No, he... (go) to work.
4. Look! Somebody (break) that window.
5. I cant find my book. My sister (take) it.
6. Do you want the newspaper? No, thanks. I (read) it.
7. Im looking for Kate. Where she (go)?
8. Are they still having dinner? No, they (finish) it.
Exercise 40. Have you/ has he ever.?
: you/play/ golf - Have you ever played golf?
1. they / be / to / Australia
2. you / lose / your / key
3. Ann / eat / Chinese food
4. Pete / visited / New York
5. you / win / a lottery
6. you / be / to / Japan
Exercise 41. Past Simple Present Perfect.
1. Bill went / has gone ten minutes ago.
2. We have lived / lived in Brazil for 6 years.
3. Did you go / Have you gone to Spain last year?
4. The weather was / has been bad last week.
5. They have just arrived / just arrived in Moscow.
6. My friend is a writer. He has written / wrote many books.
Exercise 42. Present Perfect (have
done) Past Simple (did).
1. you ever to Japan? (be)
2. We married in 1986. (get)
3. I my work yet. (not finish)
4. We London three times. (visit)
5. He home at 7 oclock last night. (leave)
6. She a job yet. (not find)
7. My daughter born three years ago. (be)
8. I already three letters. (write)
9. My mother as a teacher for 30 years. (work)
10. I never Chinese food. (try)
Exercise 43. , Present Perfect Past Simple.
John. I dont know where to go on holiday this year? Have you got any idea?
Mary. 1) you ever... (be) to Spain? I 2) (visit) Madrid last year and I really 3)... (enjoy) myself.
John. I 4) (spend) two years in Spain. But I 5) never (be) to South America.
Exercise 44. Present Perfect (have done) Present Perfect Progressive (have been doing).
1. They (just buy) a new house.
2. The doctor (examine) patients the whole day.
3. Mr Smith (teach) English for twenty years.
4. The baby (cry) for two hours.
5. The boy (just cut) his finger.
6. I (know) Tom since my childhood.
7. Ann (break) the vase.
8. Laura (type) five letters.
9. I dont want to see that film again. I (see) it twice already.
10. Alison is tired. She (study) for two hours.
Exercise 45. Past Perfect.
1. She (arrive) home by eight oclock.
2. When I got home she (already leave).
3. Ann (clean) the house by 6 oclock.
4. Mary wasnt in the office, she (already go) home.
5. Nick couldnt pay the bill, he (lose) the wallet.
6. Mr.Brown bought a new car, after he (save) enough money.
Exercise 46. Past Simple (did) Past Perfect (had done). , .
: When I arrived (arrive)at the station, the train had left (leave). Had left- .
a) When I got home I 1) (find) that somebody 2) (break) into my room.
b) John 3) (eat) all the cakes by the time the other children 4) (arrive) at the party.
c) Ann 5) (cook) dinner before her children 6) (come) home.
d) Nick 7) (lock) all the windows before he 8) (leave) his flat.
e) Lucy 9) (pass) all her exams because she 10) (study) hard.
Exercise 47. .
1. Tom returned / had returned from the cinema at 5 oclock.
2. Tom returned / had returned from the cinema by 5 oclock.
3. I finished / had finished my homework at 7 oclock.
4. I finished / had finished my homework by 7 oclock.
5. When I came / had come home, my mother already cooked / had cooked dinner.
6. When I woke / had woken yesterday, my father went / had gone to work.
7. Yesterday I found / had found a book which I lost / had lost in summer.
8. When we came / had come to the station, the train left already / had already left.
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9. Where did you work / had you worked before you entered / had entered the University?
10. He studied / had studied French before he entered / had entered the college.
11. When the uncle left / had left, Tom hurried / had hurried to the station to book a ticket.
12. When we entered / had entered the theatre the play had already begun / began.
13. The teacher understood that Lena didnt do / hadnt done her homework.
14. I knew that my friend hadnt come / didnt come yet.
15. Tom said that he got / had got his education at Cambridge.
Exercise 48. , Present Simple Passive.
: Breakfast is served (serve) in Pierrots Restaurant between 7 and 10.
1. Dinner (serve) between 8 and 10 p.m. in Main Restaurant.
2. Newspapers (sell) at the Reception Desk.
3. Rooms (clean) by Maid Service daily.
4. Hot water (supply) 24 hours a day.
5. Films (show) every night at 10 p.m.
6. Telephone calls (make) at the Reception Desk.
Exercise 49. , Past Simple Passive.
Two men 1) were seen (see) breaking into a house in my street last night. The police 2) (call) and they arrived very quickly. One man 3) (catch) immediately. The other escaped, but he 4) (find) very soon. Both men 5) (take) to the police station where they 6) (question) separately by a police officer. The two men 7) (charge) with burglary.
Exercise 50. , Present Simple, Past Simple Future Simple Passive.
1. Bread (eat) every day. 2. The letter (receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5. Many houses (build) in our town every year. 6. This work (do) tomorrow. 7. These texts (translate) at the last lesson. 8. We (invite) to a concert last Saturday. 9. Hockey (play) in winter. 10. His new book (finish) next year. 11. Many houses (burn) during the Great Fire in London. 12. Mushrooms (gather) in autumn.
Exercise 51. , .
: The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. The porter will bring your luggage to your room.
Your luggage will (bring, be brought) to your room. - Your luggage will be brought to your room.
1. They (looked / were looked) for the newspaper everywhere.
2. Babies (look / are looked) after very carefully.
3. The roof of the house will (paint / be painted) soon.
4. She (showed / was shown) us the way.
5. I (didnt invite / wasnt invited) to their party.
6. They (are discussing / are being discussed) this question now.
7. Will we (meet/be met) by a man from the travel agency at the station?
8. Will he (take / be taken) them to the Russian museum?
9. They can (leave / be left) the key with the clerk downstairs.
10. Your hat must (leave / be left) in the cloak-room.
Exercise 52. , Present, Past Future Simple Passive.
: Milk (to give) to kittens every day. Milk is given to kittensevery day.
1. The letter (receive) yesterday.
2. Nick (send) to Moscow next week.
3. Many houses (build) in our town every year.
4. Some new metro lines (construct) now.
5. All the exercises (do) already in written form.
6. Moscow University (found) by Lomonosov.
7. At the last competition the first prize (win) by our team.
8. Your report must (divide) into two chapters.
9. The lectures (attend) by all of us.
10. The letter (post) tomorrow.
Exercise 53. Passive Voice.
: You must do three of these exercises tomorrow Three of these exercises must be done tomorrow.
1. You can find this book in any library.
2. They can cross the river on a raft.
3. The workers can finish the building of the house very soon.
4. I can easily forgive this mistake.
5. The doctor says they must take her to the hospital.
6. You can grow this crop anywhere in Rostov region.
Exercise 54. Passive Voice.
: We finished the work in time. The work was finished in time.
1. The elephant broke the branch of the tree.
2. I think, you should do all the exercises.
3. They have just sent that letter.
4. They grow coffee in Brazil.
5. Thieves didnt steal the picture by Van Gogh yesterday.
6. Do they build any skyscrapers in your city?
Exercise 55. Active Voice.
: The room was cleaned and aired by the maid. The maid cleaned and aired the room.
1. The letters have just been typed by the secretary.
2. Betty was met at the station by Tom.
3. Newspapers are delivered by postmen.
4. This article will be translated by the students at the lesson on Tuesday.
5. All the questions must be answered by the speaker.
6. The door has not been closed by the children.
Exercise 56. (Passive Voice).
: We were asked a lot of questions (how many). How many questions were we asked?
1. The coats are left in the cloakroom (where). 2. Books are returned to the library at the end of the year (when). 3. The flowers are not watered every day (why). 4. She was told the truth (who). 5. A written test will be given at the next lesson (when). 6. The film was much spoken about.
Exercise 57. .
1. Yesterday we (invite) to the restaurant by our boss.
a) are invited b) were invited c) invite
2. Look! The bridge (repair).
a) is being repaired b) is been repaired c) has being repaired
3. The letter and the parcel (post) tomorrow.
a) will be post b) will being posted c) will be posted
4. Henry (know) to be a very industrious person.
a) have been known b) is known c) is been known
5. In Greece the Olympic Games (hold) once in four years.
a) were held b) are being held c) are held
6. The problem (study) for three years, but we havent got any results.
a) has been studied b)has being studied c) was studied
7. His book (publish) next month.
a) is being publishing b) would be publish c) will be published
8. I (bear) in a small Russian town not far from Samara.
a) were born b)am born c) was born
Exercise 58. (Passive Voice)
: 200 houses/ built/ year/ were 200 houses were built last year.
1. has/ a cure for cancer/ not/ yet/ found/ been.
2. always/ sold/ love stories/ well/ are.
3. be/ year/ a lot of/ will/ cars/ made/ new/ next.
4. arrested/ during/ four people/ yesterdays/ were/ football match.
5. laid/ now/ the/ is/ table/ being.
6. not/ the / be/ meeting/ held/ can
Exercise59. may can.
: May I come in? I can come and see you tomorrow.
1. you see anything in the darkness?
2. You go when have finished your composition.
3. You come in if you have taken off your boots.
4. Be careful. you spill the milk if you carry it like that.
5. Most children slide on ice very well.
6. Only a person who knows the language very well answer such a question.
Exercise60. may (might), can (could).
: Something was wrong with the car. he could not start it.
Im not sure what to do tonight. I might stay at home or I might visit my friends.
1. I not imagine her speaking in public. I knew that she was so shy.
2. You read this book. you know the language well enough.
3. You take this book. I dont need it any more.
4. She asked me if she use my telephone.
5. I help you?
6. What s for dinner? I dont know yet. We have some salad
Exercise 61. can, may, must.
: I have very little time. I must go.
1. You not smoke here. 2. I take your pen? Im afraid not. I need it. 3. He not speak English yet. 4. My boss be in his office now. 5. This woman is an experienced driver. she drive even a bus.
6. I ask you a question?
Exercise 62. , have to, be to.
1. He is to come here at five oclock.
2. The train was to leave at three-fifteen.
3. I cant go out tonight. I have to study for my exam.
4. Who is to look after the children?
5. It was very cold yesterday, so I had to wear a warm coat.
6. There is no school tomorrow, so the children dont have to go to bed early.
Exercise 63. have to (have to, has to, had to, will have to).
:The car broke down so I had to go by bus.
1. We arrived too early so we wait.
2. He is a policeman so he wear a uniform.
3. If the weather conditions get any worse, the climbers give up.
4. I learn Spanish because I need it for my job.
5. If I dont pass the exam, I take it again.
6. The manager told us, we reduce our lunch breaks.
Exercise 64. can (can, cant, could, couldnt, will be able to)
1. You make an omelette without breaking eggs.
2. you tell me the time, please?
3. Mr. Marshall is busy this week, but he see you next week.
4. We told him leave whenever he wanted to.
5. Allan play chess two years ago, but now it is his favourite game.
6. Soon he take part in chess competition.
Exercise 65. have to (dont /doesnt have to, didnt have to, wont have to).
:Its Sunday tomorrow so I wont have to get up early.
1. We went to a restaurant yesterday, so we cook.
2. Lets clean up now, so we do it tomorrow.
3. Lucy feels better now, so she take the medicine.
4. Youve got plenty of time. You hurry.
5. It was very warm yesterday, so I wear a coat.
6. I took the dog for a walk this morning, so you take it out now.
Exercise 66. mustnt, neednt.
A teacher is speaking to his students before a test.
You are going to have a test today. Your test papers are on your desks. You 1) mustnt begin until I tell you. You 2) hurry; you have plenty of time. You 3) speak during the test. You 4) copy your friends work or open any of your books. You 5) write in pen; if you prefer you can write in pencil. You 6) stay when youve finished; you can leave if you want to, but you 7) be noisy. Wait for your friends outside the building!
Finally, I wish you all good luck. You can begin now!
Exercise 67. , .
1. To move in space calls for quite new concepts of energy. 2. To form such judgments about things depends on many observations by many people. 3. The purpose of this chapter is to describe certain properties of pure substances. 4. To prolong this discussion is to waste time. 5. The Sun is the first object to be studied by rocket astronomy. 6. All the attempts to confirm this suggestion have failed. 7. She gave him a list of a few books to be read. 8. To get to the Earth the rays of the Sun have to travel for 8 minutes. 9. To explain the problem we were interested in he demonstrated some diagrams.
Exercise 68. , .
1. Scientists do not consider this effect to be an experimental error of any kind. 2. He found this ratio to have about the same large value as for cathode rays. 3. Have you heard him make his brilliant speech on current events? 4. We suppose the construction of that building to be completed in a week. 5. Do you want me to tell you about this engineers invention? 6. In future we expect radiation chemistry to lead us to many discoveries of great interest and promise for industry. 7. They wanted us to tell them about the results of our research work. 8. They wanted the device to be examined carefully by experts.
Exercise 69. ,
1. A scientist is expected to know the latest work on his own speciality. 2. The importance of mathematics for all sciences is known to be growing rapidly. 3. The procedure proved to be rather difficult and not very precise. 4. Although it appears to be theoretically possible the methods do not seem to be very practical. 5. The nature of a neuron is unlikely to change. 6. The construction of the dam is certain to be completed in two months. 7. He is sure to make a brilliant report on that subject. 8. Vacuum tubes are considered indispensable in industrial control.
Exercise 70. ; .
1. To translate a sentence is to discover its meaning and then construct a sentence in the new language. 2. There are a great many things to be said in favour of the proposal. 3. For calculation of total energy this method was found to be extremely poor. 4. To complete a journey round the sun requires nearly 29 years. 5. The aim of the book exhibition is to exchange experience and to display the finest editions. 6. The individual components appeared to be in excellent conditions. 7. Refined experiments showed the data to be not quite true. 8. The breakdown is thought to be due to the acceleration of electrons. 9. He was seen to start the engine. 10. To avoid the accident the cars had to move very slowly. 11. We know the solar constant to vary slightly from day to day.
Exercise 71. , Participle I Participle II .
1. There is a growing demand for the kind of information given in these tables. 2. Many of the books reviewed are available from the library. 3. The experiment being made at our laboratory shows the action of catalysts. 4. The paper described a series of carefully controlled experiments. 5. The other paper presented at the conference dealt with sound phenomena. 6. The work described here was part of our investigation. 7. The tests reported here are very important for our research work. 8. These papers, previously unpublished, fall into two groups.
Exercise 72. , .
1. Making the experiment he was seriously injured. 2. Knowing the harmful effects of the rays, they took special precautions. 3. They worked using the best modern equipment. 4. Having finished his experiments, he compared the results. 5. While burning different substances combined with oxygen. 6. Having discussed chemical reactions we proceeded to the experiments. 7. The students spent the first year in the preparatory department studying Russian. 8. When combined with the oxygen of the air the match was lighted.
Exercise 73. .
1. The text-book provides a series of examples, the examples being graduated with a view to facilitating homework as much as possible. 2. Natural radioactivity having been discovered, many scientists became interested in it. 3. Many technical and scientific problems having been solved, the first spaceflight could be realized. 4. Large masses of substances are made up of molecules, molecules being made up of atoms. 5. The 5th of June arriving, they departed. 6. The wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 7. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm, there was but little motion. 8. The attendance from Western European countries was regrettably small, about half of the overseas visitors being from North America. 9. Plants grown in the dark are always colourless, chlorophyll becoming green only under the action of light.
Exercise 74. , .
1. Nuclear physics gives two directions for solving the energy problem. 2. Nowadays man gets nineteenths of the energy by burning valuable raw materials like oil, coal and gas. 3. His work was a success due to his experimenting so much. 4. By making their lenses of special materials, the optical experts succeeded in constructing an ultraviolet microscope. 5. The cost of transforming solar radiation into electricity is still very high. 6. The best way out of the present situation lies in producing energy by means of thermonuclear fusion. 7. We insist on their taking part in this work. 8. Walking, riding, flying, dancing, climbing and sailing are all familiar examples of motion. 9. The scientists gave up collecting more analogous data they did not help them. 10. I think of solving this problem in another way than you did.
Exercise 75. . .
1. Decreasing the temperature we slow down the reaction. 2. Efforts being made in the development of chemical industry meet with great success. 3. The delegation arrived in Moscow with the object of conducting trade negotiations. 4. A great many electron microscopes are in use today being a very useful instrument in the hands of scientists. 5. Falling is a case of motion at constant acceleration. 6. They stopped working immediately after the clock struck five. 7. Having plenty of time, we decided to walk. 8. It is no use discussing this question any longer. 9. The members of the expedition were certain of their reaching the South Pole. 10. This laboratory is not alone in making such studies. 11. Leading its own life each cell plays a part in the life of the organism. 12. Pine-trees grow in large quantities there, the soil being sandy.
Tests
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Grammar
