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FAQ

⇐ 123 ⇒



 

T = εn 1 1;

 

T (n min) = 327,610,1(1,3763 1) = 782,218 ;

 

T (n) = 326,310,1(1,3763 1) = 779,027 ;

 

T (nN) = 326,210,1(1,3763 1) = 778,67 ;

 

T (n max) = 326,310,1(1,3763 1) = 778,91 .

 

10.24. ().

 

3.6. .

 

(mCV) t c = 20,6 + 0,002638 t c,

t c = T 273º:

 

t c(n min) = 803,2705 273 = 530,2705 º;

 

t c(n) = 793,528 273 = 520,528 º;

 

t c(nN) = 795,68 273 = 522,68 º;

 

t c (n max) = 790,2635 273 = 517,2635 º.

 

(mCV) t c(n min) = 20,6 + 0,002638530,2705 = 21,9989 /;

 

(mCV) t c(n ) = 20,6 + 0,002638520,528 = 21,9732 /;

 

(mCV) t c(nN ) = 20,6 + 0,002638522,68 = 21,9788 /;

 

(mCV) t c(n max) = 20,6 + 0,002638517,2635 = 21,9645 /.

 

10.25. .

 

3.7. .

 

(mCV ")to500 (n min) = 24,014 + (24,15 24,014)0,01/0,05 = 24,0412 /;

 

(mCV ") to600 (n min) = 24,44 + (24,586 24,44)0,01/0,05 = 24,4692 /;

 

(mCV ") t c(n min) = 24,0412 + (24,4692 24,0412)9,218/100 = 24,0807 /.

 

(mCV ")to500 (n) = 24,15 + (24,045 24,15)0,05/0,05 = 24,045 /;

 

(mCV ")to600 (n) = 24,586 + (24,475 24,586)0,05/0,05 = 24,475 /;

 

(mCV ") t c(n) = 24,045 + (24,475 + 24,045)6,027/100 = 24,0709 /.

 

(mCV ")to500 (nN) = 24,15 + (24,045 24,15)0,05/0,05 = 24,045 /;

 

(mCV ") to600 (nN) = 24,586 + (24,475 24,586)0,05/0,05 = 24,475 /;

 

(mCV ") tc(nN) = 24,045 + (24,475 24,045)5,67/100 = 24,0694 /.

 

(mCV ") t 500 (n max) = 24,014 + (24,15 24,014)0,03/0,05 = 24,0956 /;

 

(mCV ") t 600 (n max) = 24,44 + (24,586 24,44)0,03/0,05 = 24,5276 /;

 

(mCV ") t c(n max) = 24,0956 + (24,5276 24,0956)5,91/100 = 24,1211 /.

 

10.26. .

 

(mCV ') t c= (1/(1 + γ r))[(mCV) t c t o+ γ r (mCV '') t c t o]:

 

(mCV ') t c(n min) = (1/(1 + 0,04050014))[21,94332 + 0,0405001424,0807] = =22,0265 /;

 

(mCV ') t c(nM) = (1/(1 + 0,0,03769155))[21,9349 + 0,0376915524,0709] = =22,0125 /;

 

(mCV ') t c(nN ) = (1/(1 + 0,03886047))[21,93396 + 0,0388604724,0694] = =22,0138 /;

 

(mCV ') t c(n max) = (1/(1 + 0,03948463))[21,93459 + 0,0394846324,1211] = =22,0176 /.

 

10.3

.

 

n min nM nN n max
  n, min 1        
  k 1 1,3765 1,3765 1,3765 1,3765
  n 1 1,3763 1,3763 1,3763 1,3763
  p 2,399 2,330 2,088 2,020
  T 782,218 779,027 778,670 778,910
  t 509,218 506,027 505,670 505,910
  (mCV) t c 21,943 21,935 21,934 21,935
  (mCV ") t c 24,081 24,071 24,069 24,121
  (mCV ') t c 22,027 22,012 22,014 22,018

 

.

 

.

 

μ 0 = M 2 / M 1:

μ 0(n min) = 0,536703846 / 0,5048495 = 1,06309672;

μ 0(nM) = 0,553076923 / 0,52552258 = 1,05243228;

μ 0(nN) = 0,553076923 / 0,52552258 = 1,05243228;

μ 0(n max) = 0,544890385 / 0,51518604 = 1,05765752.

.

 

μ = (μ 0 + γ r) / (1 + γ r):

 

μ (n min) = (1,0631 + 0,0405)/(1 + 0,0405) = 1,060641;

μ (nM) = (1,05243 + 0,037692)/(1 + 0,037692) = 1,05053;

μ (nN ) = (1,0524323 + 0,038861)/(1 + 0,038861) = 1,050471;

μ (n max) = (1,05766 + 0,039485)/(1 + 0,039485) = 1,0554674.

 

10.29. (α > 1).

 

Δ u = 119950(1 α) L o:

 

Δ u(n min) = 119950(1 0,96)0,517 = 2479,736 /;

 

Δ u(nM) = 119950(1 1)0,517 = 0,00 /;

 

Δ u(nN) = 119950(1 1)0,517 = 0,00 /;

 

Δ u(n max) = 119950(1 0,98)0,517 = 1239,868 /.

 

.

 

.. = ( u Δ u)/(M 1(1 + γ r)):

 

.(n min) = (43929,5 2479,74)/(0,504849(1 + 0,0405)) = 78907,45 / .;

 

.(nM) = (43929,5 0,00)/(0,525523(1 + 0,037692)) = 80555,76 / .;

 

.(nN) = (43929,5 0,00)/(0,525523(1 + 0,038861)) = 80465,12 / .;

.(n max) = (43929,5 1239,87)/(0,515186(1 + 0,039485)) = 79715,04 / ..

 

.

 

(mCV '') t z= 1/ M 2[ M C2(mC ″ V 2) t c+ M CO(mC ″ V CO) t c+ M H2O (mC ″ V H2O) t c+ + M H2(mC ″ V H2) t c+ M N2(mC ″ V N2) t c]:

 

(mCV '') t c 3.6. 1501º 2800º.(1);

 

(mCV '') t z(n min) = (1/0,53670385)[0,0654(39,123 + 0,003349 t z) + + 0,0585(22,49 + 0,00143 t z) + 0,06975(26,67 + 0,004438 t z) + 0,0275(19,678 + + 0,001758 t z) + 0,39295(21,951 + 0,001457 t z)] = 24,651 + 0,002076209 t z /();

 

(mCV '') t z(nM) = (1/0,55307692)[0,07125(39,123 + 0,003349 t z) + 0(22,490 + + 0,001430∙ t z) + 0,0725(26,67 + 0,004438 t z) + 0(19,678 + 0,001758 t z) + 0,40933 ∙(21,951 + 0,001457 t z)] = 24,78177 + 0,0020915 t z /();

 

(mCV '') t z(nN) = (1/0,55307692)[0,07125(39,123 + 0,003349 t z) + 0(22,49 + + 0,00143 t z) + 0,0725(26,67 + 0,004438 t z) + 0(19,678 + 0,001758 t z) + 0,40933 ∙(21,951 + 0,001457 t z)] = 24,78177 + 0,0020915 t z /();

 

(mCV '') t z(n max) = 1/0,54489038[0,06832(39,123 + 0,003349 t z) + 0,00293 ∙(22,49 + 0,00143 t z) + 0,07113(26,67 + 0,004438 t z) + 0,00137(19,678 + + 0,001758 t z) + 0,40114(21,951 + 0,001457 t z)] = 24,71736 + 0,002093969 t z /().

 

.

 

ξ z . + (mCV ') t c t c = μ (mCV '') t z t z,

 

ξ z ( ) .10.2. (.10.1 );

 

ξ z(n min) = 0,875; ξ z(nM) = 0,95; ξ z(nN) = 0,9925; ξ z(n max) = 0,995.

 

n min :

 

0,87578907,45 + 22,027509,218 = 1,060641(24,651 + 0,002076209 t z) t z;

80260,3155 = 26,1459 t z + 0,00220211 t z2;

0,00220211 t z2 + 26,1459 t z 80260,3155 = 0;

t z = 2530,424C.

 

nM:

 

0,9580555,76 + 22,012506,027 = 1,050528(24,78177 + 0,0020915 t z) t z;

87666,8896 = 26,0339 t z + 0,00219718 t z2;

0,00219718 t z2 + 26,0339 t z 87666,8896 = 0;

t z = 2735,754C.

 

nN:

 

0,992580465,12 + 22,014505,67 = 1,050471(24,78177 + 0,0020915 t z) t z;

90993,3626 = 26,0325 t z + 0,00219706 t z2.

0,00219706 t z2 + 26,0325 t z 90993,3626 = 0;

t z = 2822,855C.

 

n max :

 

0,95579715,04 +22,018505,91 = 1,055467(24,71736 + 0,002083969 t z) t z;

90455,4 = 26,0884 t z + 0,00219956 t z2;

0,00219956 t z2 + 26,0884 t z 90455,4001 = 0;

t z = 2804,253C.

 

.

 

p z = p c μ T z / T c,

 

T z = t z + 273º.

 

p z(n min) = 2,3991,0606412803,42 / 782,218 = 9,119 ;

p z(nM) = 2,3301,0505283008,75 / 779,027 = 9,455 ;

p z(nN) = 2,0881,0504713095,86 / 778,67 = 8,720 ;

p z(n max) = 2,0201,055467413077,25 / 778,910 = 8,423 .

 

.

 

p z= 0,85 p z:

 

p z(n min) = 0,859,119 = 7,752 ;

 

p z(nM) = 0,859,455 = 8,037 ;

 

p z(nN) = 0,858,720 = 7,412 ;

p z(n max) = 0,858,423 = 7,159 .

 

.

 

λ = p z/ p :

 

λ (n min) = 9,119/2,399 = 3,801;

λ (nM ) = 9,445/2,330 = 4,057;

λ (nN ) = 8,720/2,088 = 4,176;

λ (n max) = 8,423/2,020 = 4,17.

 

10.4

.

 

n min nM nN n max
  n, min 1        
  μ 0 1,06310 1,05243 1,05243 1,05766
  μ 1,06064 1,05053 1,05047 1,05547
  Δ u 2479,736 0,00 0,00 1239,868
  . 78907,447 80555,76 80465,12 79715,038
  (mCV ") t z 24,7 + 0,002076 t z 24,8 + 0,002092 t z 24,8 + 0,002092 t z 24,7 + + 0,002084 t z
  ξ z 0,875 0,95 0,995 0,995
  t z 2530,42 2735,75 2822,86 2804,25
  T z 2803,42 3008,75 3095,86 3077,25
  p z 9,119 9,455 8,720 8,423
  p z 7,752 8,037 7,412 7,159
  λ 3,801 4,057 4,176 4,170

 

 

.

10.36. k 2 (. .4.8. k 2 ).

 

 

k 2(n min) = 1,25; k 2(nM) = 1,24719; k 2(nN) = 1,24654; k 2(n max) = 1,24783.

 

10.37. n 2.

 

n 2 = k 2 Δ;

n 2(n min) = 1,2492; n 2(nM) = 1,24639; n 2(nN ) = 1,24574; n 2(n max) = 1,24703.

.

 

pb = p z/ εn 2:

 

pb (n min) = 9,19/10,11,2492 = 0,50742287 ;

pb (nM) = 9,455/10,11,24639 = 0,52953825 ;

pb (nN ) = 8,720/10,11,24574 = 0,48907518 ;

pb (n max) = 8,423/10,11,24703 = 0,47100306 .

.

 

Tb = T z / εn 2 1 :

 

Tb (n min) = 2803,42/10,10,2492 = 1575,476 K;

Tb (nM) = 3008,75/10,10,24639 = 1701,892 K;

Tb (nN) = 3095,86/10,10,24574 = 1753,795 K;

Tb (n max) = 3077,25/10,10,24703 = 1738,064 K.

 

10.40. Tr.

 

Tr = Tb / 3√ pb / pr:

 

Tr (n min) = 1575,476/ 3√0,507422866/0,103746 = 928,137 ;

Tr (nM) = 1701,892/ 3√0,529538253/0,105125 = 992,814 ;

Tr (nN ) = 1753,795/ 3√0,489075182/0,11 = 1066,56 ;

Tr (n max) = 1738,064/ 3√0,47100306/0,111365 = 1074,75 .

 

10.41. ( 5%).

 

Δ Tr = [(Tr Tr ..)/ Tr ..]100%:

 

Δ Tr (n min) = [(928,137 910)/910]100% = 1,993%;

 

Δ Tr (nM) = [(992,814 967,5)/967,5]100% = 2,616%;

 

Δ Tr (nN ) = [(1066,56 1025)/1025]100% = 4,054%;

 

Δ Tr (n max) = [(1074,75 1032,5)/1074,75]100% = 3,931%.

 

10.5

.

 

n min nM nN n max
  n, min 1        
  k 2 1,25 1,24719 1,24654 1,24783
  n 2 1,2492 1,24639 1,24574 1,24703
  Pb 0,507422866 0,529538253 0,489075182 0,47100306
  Tb 1575,476 1701,892 1753,795 1738,064
  Tr 928,1 992,8 1066,6 1074,7
  Δ Tr, % 1,99 2,62 4,05 3,93

 

 

.

 

.

 

pi ' = (ρ/(ε 1)){(λ / n 2 1)(1 [1/ εn 2 1]) (1/ n 1 1)(1 [1/ εn 1 1])}:

 

pi '(n min) = (2,399/(10,1 1)){(3,8/(1,24920 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,24920 1)]) (1/(1,376 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,376 1)])} = 1,354311 ;

 

pi '(nM) = (2,330/(10,1 1)){(4,1/(1,24639 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,24639 1)]) (1/(1,376 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,376 1)])} = 1,436202 ;

 

pi '(nN) = (2,088/(10,1 1)){(4,2/(1,24574 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,24574 1)]) (1/(1,376 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,376 1)])} = 1,336022 ;

 

pi '(n max) = (2,020/(10,1 1)){(4,2/(1,24703 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,24703 1)]) (1/(1,376 1))(1 [1/10,1(1,376 1)])} = 1,28775 .

 

⇐ 123 ⇒


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