. . . . . .
1) . ( ).
1. .
, , . : a [eI], e [J], i [aI], o [ou], u [jH], y [waI]. , .
, , :
1. .
2. ( ).
1.1. .
.
, , - . , , , . , , . , , , . , ( ) - .
.
-, () , , , , ( ), .
-, , , ( , , , ) ( ). . : literature ['lItrICq] - ; interesting ['IntrIstIN] - .
- .
, , , .
, , , .
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, , , , : responsibility [rIs"pOnsq'bIlItI] - .
, , , , .
, -ion, , . : -i+on, -i+ous, -i+al, -i+an, -i+ant, -i+ance, -i+ent, -i+ence.
, -ic (-ical): republic [rI'pAblIk] - ,,periodical ["pIqrI'OdIkl] - .
, : -ly, -ful, -less, -nees, -ism, -ing, -er, -or, -(e)d, -(e)s.
() , , . :
: co-, i-, o-, su-, di-, e-, a- con-, in-, ob-, sub-, dis-, ex-, ad-. : connect, collect, immerse, oppose, suppose, diffuse, attest.
, . , , - , :
1.2. ( ).
, , , , - . : in'tensity - in/'ten/si/ty. in - , ten - , si - , ty - .
. [q] [I] .
, ( ). - :
) ;
) ;
) ( ) .
) : + '. / + . +
, . , : au/aw, ei/ey, oi/oy, ou/ow, ou, oo, eu/ew. , ( , . . , : ia, io, iu, ua, eo .) - 'li/on, 'po/et, 'di/amond, so'ci/ety; , , - 'lo/ad, 'go/al, 'de/al, 'fa/int.
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, , , ( ): ie/ye, ai/ay, ea/ee, oe/oa/ow, ue/ui.
, , .
) : + '. / + + . +
. , , ( e). : 'ty/ping, 'ru/le, 'no/sy, 'ba/ker, sce/ne.
, " ":
.
( , r), : 'fam/ily, 'el/ement, 'min/eral, 'bil/ious.
r . , , : A'mer/ica, 'tyr/anny.
( ) , , , . .
, , [(j)H], u , : 'pu/rity, 'du/kery, 'fu/neral.
, .
x, [ks, gz], : box/er, fox/es.
) : + '. + / + + . +
. , , . : 'pen/cil, 'shor/test, 'sun/ny, 'hun/ter, 'can/dy.
, , : 'fish/ing.
. , . .
I , . . , . :
- : go [gou] ;
- + + : time [taIm] , lotus ['loutqs] ;
- + (. ): deal [dJl] , suit [sjHt] .
II , .. , ( r). , :
- : man [mxn] , , test [test] ;
- ( x : boxer ['bOksq] ): silver ['sIlvq] , public ['pAblIk] .
III . II , r, , . : start [stRt] , , forth [fLT] , , purpose ['pWpqs] , .
IV . I , r ( ). . : care [kFq] , , parents ['pFqrqnts] , dear [dIq] , , series ['sIqrJz] , .
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: rr , ( ), : currant ['kArqnt] , terrible ['terIbl]
r, , .
, .
.
. .
I , , : ei/ey [eI], oi/oy [OI].
II , , . : au/aw [L], eu/ew [(j)H] , oo [H] [u], ou [au] [L], ow [au] [ou].
III , . : ai/ay [eI], ea/ee [J] ( ea [e]), ie/ye [aI] ( ie [J]), oa [ou], ue/ui [jH]. , , . , , .
. , , , , . "", . : lion ['lai-qn] , diet ['daI-qt] , radio ['reI-dI-ou] .
.
, ().
: ch [C], ph [f], sh [S], th [D T].
, , , , .
: wh [h w], ng [N Ng nG], gh ["-", g, f], ck [k], kn [n] .