Writing
1. . writing - , : , , . . (mechanics of writing), . , , . ( ) , .
2. () . . .
(writing for training / writing for reinforcement) - , - , , . , . (composition) (dicto-comp / dicto-gloss). .
(writing for communication) , . , , , , . (. , Types of writing), , (Hedge 1993, . 96; 1986).
guided writing free writing .
Guided writing / controlled writing , (. Cues, . 170).
Free writing .
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: , , , (. Product-oriented writing, . 116; Process-oriented writing, . 117). , , (Raimes 1987; Kroll 1993; Richards 1994b; White and Arndt 1994; Dyer 1996; 1969).
Types of writing
( , .. : 1955, . 77). , (written genres), .
- , , .
. (Hedge 1993, . 96) , , .
Types of writing
Study writing | Professional writing | Social writing | Personal writing | Creative writing |
essays | business letters | notes | diaries | poems |
research reports | progress reports | letters | journals | stories |
summaries | resumes/ | invitations | reminders | rhymes |
reviews | curriculum vitae | messages | addresses | drama |
annotations | applications | instructions | recipes | scripts |
abstracts | public notices | shopping | lyrics | |
notes | contracts | lists | ||
memoranda | packing | |||
minutes | lists | |||
advertisements | ||||
articles |
1. Study writing / academic writing , () . (notes), (reviews), (summaries) (essays) (. Study writing, . 123).
2. Professional writing / business writing , ; , (business letters), (contracts), (public notices), (progress reports), (articles), (minutes), (memoranda / memos) . .
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3. Social writing , (notes), (letters), (postcards), (e-mail messages), (telephone messages).
4. Personal writing , (diaries, journals), (reminders), (recipies), (addresses).
5. Creative writing : , , . .
, ( , ; . Composing, . 115) ( , , ; . Summarizing, . 114).
.: White 1987, . 261; 1991, . 96; 1997, . 5.
Study writing / Academic writing
, . , , :
Dicto-comp / dicto-gloss , -. , , . dicto-comp (dictation-composition) : , . , (Wajnryb 1989).
Summary / precis , , . - (. Summarizing, . 114). - . .
Review , , ; . , . , () , . (), . - , , .
Annotation , , -. , .
Research report , , , , , .
Abstracts , , , , .
Outline , , .
Notes (), , . (. Note-taking, note-making, . 114).
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Note-taking, note-making
(notes) , . .
note-taking , , (taking notes while listening), note-making (making notes while reading). . note-taking note-making , (Povey and Walshe 1982, p. 140; Hedge 1993).
note-making - . (. Brainstormlng, . 142), (. Mapping, . 142) (. Fast writing, . 115).
, , , :
;
, , ;
, , (, . .);
(Host 1994, . 72; Jordan 1997).
- (. Study skills, . 94).
Summarizing
, . () , , . , .
, , , , x . : , , , . (, , , ), -, , , -1, (. Study writing, . 113).
. . , . i , , , , .
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.: Pink and Thomas 1936; Knight 1981; Nuttall 1982, p. 142; - , . 196; . 1991, . 159.
Composing
, (, , ), (. Process-oriented writing, . 117). , , composition. , . (. Summarizing, . 114). , , ( , , , , . .). - : - (narration), - (description), - (argument).
.