, - , (. Pragmatic test, . 193). , , . , , (silent reading), .
. , - . :
;
, ;
( 1990; . 1991, . 143).
- , . , (Maley and Duff 1990, p. 95; Wilberg 1996, p. 133).
, , , ( 1973; 1987).
Communicative reading / Fluent reading
. , . - , , , (reading strategies).
, , , , (. Communicative listening, . 102). , (reading for information) (reading for pleasure). , , . .
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, : scanning, skimming, reading for detailed comprehension (Nuttall 1982; Grellet 1992; Ur 1996). : , ( 1985, . 130; 1988; 1993; 1995; , 1995; , 1998, . 4). , .. (1987, . 25), , , , , , . , .. (1973, . 68) , : , , , .
Scanning
, . :
1. , : , , , , , , , . .. (1987, . 29) . , , , , . , , : , . .
2. , , . , , . .. (1987, . 28) . ( ) - . , (. Reading for detailed comprehension, . 100). : , , ; , .
, . - , , , , .