XX . ' - XIX - XX . - . , - , . , - 1880 .2 80- . XIX . ³ , ̳ . XX . - . - (1904 1906 .) (1907) . 1905-1907 ., - . .
, XIX - XX . - -. , , . - 1904-1905 . 1905-1907 .
³ ³ . -, 1883 .3 80- - 90- . XIX . , - 4. 1891 . - ̳ 5. ³ 븢 -
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1 ó . .2. .586-587.
2 ˳. . 1890, , . 103, . 14.
3 , . 15.
4 , .1.
5 , .1891, , ., .443-444.
1905 ., 1.
³, ̳ . ³ ³ , , , , -˳, ̳-ϳ ̳2. 3 븢 ³ , - . 븢 , , , ³ - ³, 3.
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, , - - ( , -). , . , , 1880 1889 . ³ ( ) 2640 1 283 . 1890 . - 385 1110 4. , -, 1895 1899 . ³ ( ) 640 1819 - , - 1630 2433 () 5.
XX . . - , . ߢ , 1906-1913 . 77 211 "- " (³, ³, , , ̳, 븢), - 6. 1908-1910 . ³ ( ) 8540 , 2486 16054 - 7. , 1902 . 1235 8. 1902 1907 . , , 2500 9. 1912 . 糢
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1 () .. . . ., 1928. .61.
2 1, .378, .1900, , .21, ., 221-225; , .95, . 18, 616, .36; , .18, . 2, . 6, . 175; , . 295, . 1, . 7885, . 129 .,233.
3 . 1913. 1 .; 1913 . , 1914. .19;,.-, . 1913, . 99, .141;, .1430, .1, .48659, .2.
4 , .378, .1890, , ., .17.
5 , .1900, , .21, .210, 221-224, 235-243.
6 () .. . .55.
7 , .95, .18, .616, .36-40.
8 , .1284, .194, .141, .7.
9 , .18, .2, .6, .175.
, 50 . 1.
, ³ . ̳, ³ 븢 , XX . ' . - 1911 . , - 2. - 1913 ., , 3.3 ³ 븢 ( , ). 1913 . 븢 , - 4.
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1880-1914 . . , - . , , , , , , , , , - , . . 100 . , - 1 .6
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1 , .95, .18, .616, .4.
2 , .295, .1, .7885, .150.
3 1913 . .19.
4 . .19.
5 . . ., 1987. .241; . . ., 1993. .40; . 1993.15 ; . 1989. 1.9. 1-2. .87.
6 .. . ., 1913. .44; . . 1914 . ., 1915. .118; . . 1890-1914 . , 1986. .98
. 1891 . III , , , 1. 1892 . 糢 " " ߢ ( " ó"), , , , " "2. ﳢ , . : 15 ., ( , 1 ..) 25-30 .3
. , . , 1890 . , 4. . 1906 . - . , 5. 1912 . - ³ , , ³, ̳ . ' , -, , ' 6. - "- " " ". , -, ˳ ( ). , 1917 .
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1 ˳, .378, .1891, , .11, .38. 19 .
2 // .
3 .. . . , 1912. .16.
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5 . . .45.
6 , .95, .18, .616, .5.
7 . . 1820-1910. , 1909. .34.
) , XX . 1.
, . , - - , 90- . XIX . 1912 . ³ , , , . - -2. 볳 - , , .
- ' Ţ - - . - - , . - . 1916 . .
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1914 . (-, , -1, ) (, , , ) , -. ֳ ( , , -, , , -
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1 .. . . .
2 . , , -. , 1912.
3 , .98, .1, .1411, .119.
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. - , . ' . XX . 10 . 17-18 . - , , - , 2. , - , , , .
- XIX- XX. 90- . XIX . - 1914 . ( ). "" - . 1902 . ., , , "" "- "3. "" ., 4. ( -), 1909 1 1913 . 25-30 % 5. - "" . , - ˳ 1905 . 糢
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1 . .61,63; ( -1), . , .474, .354, .72-73; .. - . .-., 1913. .131; . , , -. .9; .. . , 1972. .50; . . ., 1914. .14; / 01 ^ 1 1890 1914. 5. 260; . // . . ., 1905. .258.
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21, . 1-1, .373. .1, .716, .1-3; .. // . 1914. .1. .44; .. . ., 1966. .54; . 1993.15 .
3 . 1900-19. ., 1911. .14.
4 ) .. \\^1! 1. \1 511 1 (; 1 5115. \ ; ^, 1983. . 186.
5 , .796, .191, .148, .6; .199, .84, .9 .
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1 1, ., .470, . 103, . 104; . . . 125-126.
2 . 1914. 7 .
3 . 1913. 17 .
4 . 1911.30 .
5 .
- , . 1905-1907 . - - , . , -. -, , - ָ .. "" . , , ( "" , ..). . , ., XX ., , , ' , 1. 1912 . ³, ̳ , - 2. , , ' ³ 3. , , "" ( ).
., 1906 . .̳- ̳ . - ( ), , (, .). . - 1910 . . , 4. 1917 . . 20- . XX . " "5. - . , " ͳ" (, .) , " ", " " . " , , , - ...", - 6. , 1913 . - ( ̳) , 7.
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1 . 1956. 20 .
2 . . .99-100.
3 . 1966. .
4 . . .92.
5. 1924. 2(10). .106-111; 1926. 1. .34-48.
61, ., .1, .101, .156.
7 . . .85.
XX . . , , .
- . , ( ), , 103-1 - ' (-, 1913 .). , , , 1. , . , , , 1910 . 1 11 2.
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( , -). , 300-500 . 500 1000 .7 , -
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1 . . .85.
2 1 ( - ), .-, .1914, .12, 4.1-, .2, .1916, .12. 4.1, .69, .12. .1-, .2; . .89.
3 , .18, .2, .6, .175.
4 , .23, .8, .248, .83.
5 0.11: 1 . .., 1961. .91.
6 , .23, .8, .248, .83.
7 , . 18, .2, .6, . 175; , .378, . 1900. , .21, .22,69,98, 163, 166; .. . - .
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- ; - . - . 1916 . ³ ( .) "" - , : " , , - , . , , , "1. -, . 1917 .
3