.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, . , , , . : , , , .

, XVII ., 10 - 15 . . , , 80% , . , . , .

, , , . , , , .

, - , . , . , , , . , .

. , , . , , , .

.

, , .

().

- -, .

.

, . , . - , , , . , . , , , (, . .), .

(, , ) . , , . .

: , ; , . 1 0. , , -: , .

, . , , : .

.

. : ?. , һ. , . , . . , , , , .

1, 0. , , 0100.

. . . , (00, 01, 10, 11), (0 1). (000, 001, 010,011, 100, 101, 110, 111), , . . . , - 2" .

, . , 32 , , 32 .

, , , , 200 250 . 0 1. , : 11000001, - 1100101, - 11011101.

, , : , , , . , , .

. . , . , , . : 101 10010, 01111010, 1010, 1101, - .

, , , , . .

, , , . 8 . , , 11010011 .

. , 1940 1950 10 , 23 . '.1 , , , , . , , . . .

, , . , , .

.

, . , . , "" . , . , , . , , , , - .

, , , TCP / IP ( -- / -).

TCP / IP , :

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) , , ; .

IP (Internet Protocol) , .

TCP / IP :

TCP ;
IP , TCP , ;
TCP .

, , , , . , , , . , .

HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
FTP File Transfer Protocol
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
NNTP News Net Transfer Protocol

 

, . , .

( ), (, USB, Bluetooth).

 

( ), .

. , .

IETF, IEEE ISO. ITU-T .

OSI, 7 ( ) ( ).

, . . . OSI (Open System Interconnection , ).

OSI 7- . OSI , :

(, , ) ;

;

;

;

, ;

;

.

 

TCP/IP , : TCP (. Transmission Control Protocol) IP (. Internet Protocol)[1]

, :

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) . HTTP Web- .

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) . FTP . , .

POP (Post Office Protocol) . POP , POP .

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) , . SMTP , , .

telnet . TELNET , , , . , .

:

DTN , .

 

Ethernet

Token ring

FDDI

HDLC

GVRP

PPP, PPTP, L2TP

ATM

xDSL

ICMP

IPv4, IPv6

IPX

ARP

SPX

XOT

ISODE

DVMRP

TCP

UDP (Unreliable/User Datagram Protocol)

SCTP

RDP/RUDP (Reliable Data Protocol/Reliable User Datagram Protocol)

RTCP

SSL

NetBIOS

 

HTTP

HTTPS

IMAP

IRC

XMPP

NTP

NNTP

POP3

Telnet

 

, , .

- .

- -, .

-, (-) .

( ) , - . , , , :





:


: 2016-09-06; !; : 1632 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1353 - | 1318 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.046 .