. .
:
1) , ;
2) - ;
3) ;
4) .
:
- - ;
- , ;
- , .
4 :
1) ;
2) ;
3) .
4) ;
: , 21 4 2 1:
:
1 : (1:50), (1:50), (1:50), (1:100).
2 - : (1:50), 5 .
.
. 1-4 15,3 , - 12,6 .
3,22 .
.
1.1.
.
.
.
II , .. 50 100 .
2.02.01-98 II .
2.01.07-85 III.
. 1-4 , 4-1 , -E , -E . ,
- - :
1) 215 2 ;
2) 754,1 3;
3) 143,95 2;
4) 64,64 2.
|
|
|
1.1
| - | , 2 | |
| 27,44 | ||
| 20,5 | ||
| 23,77 | ||
| 12,21 | ||
| 21,89 | ||
| 6,64 | ||
| 6,52 | ||
| 7,77 | ||
| 2,13 | ||
| 7,71 | ||
| 7,47 |
.
2.1:
≥×k, (2.1)
.
k .
-1,37×0,7= -0,960
≥ -0,960
, :
:
-0,4+(-0,6×4)+(-0,3)= -2,700
2.1.
 |
2.1
1000 , -1200. 800 .
4 .
.
12/15.
500 . 50, .
, , , 0,12 , .
2,700 - , 1:2, 20 .
.
1000 150 3%.
510120138 . 510 . 140×140 . 5 , 100 , .
, 10.
2.2.
2.2
. 50. 2.1.
2.2.
2.1
|
|
|
| 1 | 
| |||
| 2 | 
| |||
| 3 | 
| |||
- 2.1
| 4 | 
|
| 5 | 
|
| 6 | 
|
| 7 | 
|
- 2.1
| 8 | 
|
| 9 | 
|
| 10 | 
|
2.2
| . | . | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 3 39-8 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 3 34-4 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 3 20-8 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 2 19-3 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 2 17-2 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 2 13-1 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 3 18-37 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 2 16-2 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 3 13-37 | |||||
| 1.038 1-1 | 3 16-37 |
220 . 5 .
100 .
.
, .
2 .
2 . 20/25. 1,4 , 1,8 .
h 150 ;
b 300 .
. 120 . 3 . 2 .
()
, .
. 1,5 . . , 120 160 . 1,5 . 160 160 .
, 160 160 .
400 .
, 120 120 . 5 , . 160 180 .
.
50 100 . 16 , 10-12 5 .
, , .
. 3-4 , 300 , . .
|
|
|
.
100 . 5050 . . 130 .
:
1. 2.5:
S = πR2 , (2.5)
π ;
R , .
3, 14×7,52 =173 2;
2. 60 :
S=(7,7×16,3)×(5,9×16.3=222 2,
:
1,5 2 ÷1 2 = X÷ S .;
=118 2;
222÷118=1,8
2 .
-, - .
2.03.13-88, 2.7.
2.7
| . | , | , 2 | ||
| 2, 4,5,6, 12,11,9 | 
| . , 500 40. . 800. , , . | 86,08 |
2.1
| 8,10,1 | 
| . 100. . | 37,34 | |
| 3,7 | 
| . 200 . 100. | 13,99 |
, - , , - .
5 . 2.10. 3 , .
2.3 -
2.8
| , . | b×h, |
| 1 | 27101510 |
| 2 | 13601510 |
| 3 | 610610 |
| 1 | 1310×2070 |
| 2 | 910×2070 |
b ; h ; b h 939-93 1138-98.
2.9
| . | . . | - | |||||||
| 1-4 | 4-1 | - | - | ||||||
| 1 | 939-93 | 2 13-15 | - | - | |||||
| 2 | 939-93 | 2 27-15 2 | - | ||||||
| 3 | 939-93 | 2 6-6 | - | - | |||||
| 1138-98 | 1 23-13 | - | - | ||||||
| 1138-98 | 1 20-9 | - | - | - | - |
, 3.1.
3.1
|
|
|
| . | . | , . | |||
| 1.012.1-1.99 | 8.24-1/4 | 1,12 | |||
| 1.012.1-1.99 | 8.12-1/4 | 0,55 | |||
| 1.012.1-1.99 | 10.24-1/4 | 1,38 | |||
| 1.012.1-1.99 | 10.12-1/4 | 0,65 | |||
| 1.012.1-1.99 | 10.8-1/4 | 0,42 | |||
| 1.041.1-4.08 | 30.12.22-9 | ||||
| 1.041.1-4.08 | 72.15.22-8 | ||||
| 1.041.1-4.08 | 54.12.22-9 | ||||
| 1.041.1-4.08 | 54.12.22-9 |
