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( , , ), , , . , XII . , - . , , , . , . - , , , . . XV-XVI . XIV-XV . , , , , -. , , , . , , .

 

19. ( ).

1530- 15901620- . 1630-, . . . , , . , : . . 17 . . . . : . . . . . : . . , . , , . . , . : . . . . . , . , . . , , . , , , .

, . , . . . . , , , , , , , , , , , . . , . . . . , , , ( , ), , (), , , , , . .

0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F", 0%A4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F", 0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8F" 0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC", 0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" . - , 0%AD%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" , ; 0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" 1527 . , , 0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" 0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" 0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" 0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" . . 0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE", . 0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE", . 0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8", 0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" , . 0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE", . 0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE", 0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE"HYPERLINK "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" HYPERLINK "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE", . 0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1", . 0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE", . 0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE", . . 0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" .. 0%A0%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" 0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE", - 0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE" 0%A2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD". 0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE" , 0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" XVI ( , 0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F") 0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE" 0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F". 0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0", 0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_II" II (. 0%A8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80", 0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD"HYPERLINK "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" HYPERLINK "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" .).

XV . , humanitas , , , .. , . - . , , , , . , , . - . ; - . ( ) , , . . ( , .), (.). , , . , , .

, . , , , . , . . , , , , , : , , .. , ? , , .

, , XVI . -. , , ,

 

20. : , . .

XVII - XIX . . - , - . . - XVII . . XVIII . , . : , - , - - . 100 - 1689 1789 . - .

- , . . .

2 - , , , , , . 3- , . , , .

. , .

. . . 16 . . . . , . . . , . 2 . , . , , . . ? ? . , . . , , . . . !

. . . . . : , , . . .

, . 18 . . . , , . . , . . , . : . 28 . . . . : . . , . . . 70 . . . : . . . . , , !

XVIII . , , , . . , , . . , ! 18 . . , . 18 . , . : . . . ( ). , , . , . , . . ! . . - , .

- ( . pptimus ) , , ; . , - , , . , . . (... , ... -), , . - (.. -, . ) , , .

( , ). , . , ( ).

 

21. XVII .

, , - , . XVII . - .

 

XVII . - (" ", " 1606 .", " ", " " 1610-1612 .).

- XVII . . 20- , : "" - , "" , "" , "" -.

 

. " " (1630), . 50- - , " ". . "".

 

70- - "" (""), . .

90- XVII . , (" " , " " . . ).

 

XVII . ( -). . , , , , .

 

, , - (" -", " ", " ", " ", " ").

. 1681 . .. , 90- .

 

- XVII . . , . .. , 1664 . .

 

XVII . . . . : 1634 . - , , 1682 . - , -

.

 

1665 . " " , . 80- , . 1687 . -- ( ), , .

 

XVII . 500 , . 60- .

1621 . "", .

. XVII . .

 

.

1633-1638 . ; 1643 . , ; 1648 . ; . (1643-1646) .. , .. (1697-1699) . . , () (1675), , .

 

.

XVII . . - . XVII . (1667-1668), . . . XVII . , - -, -, -.

 

XVII . , , - , , . .

 

, , . , XVII . . : , , , , . 30 (1626-1688), .

 

22. : .

( )

XVIII . , , . XVIII . . : , , , .. , . , , . - . , , , . , .

XVIII . , . , . .

. XVII , . - - . , , . , , .

- . , I. . I- . XVIII .

, I, , . , , , , 40- XVIII .

, I, .

, , , .

. . , . , .

I 1708. , . , , . , . 1702 . "". , . , , . , I , , .. , , , . .





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