:
. , , . , .
1:
1.1) , .
:
/* :
baseball -
person -
activity -
swimming - */
goal
likes(bill, baseball)
domains
person, activity = symbol
predicates
likes(person,activity)
clauses
likes(ellen,tennis).
likes(john,football).
likes(tom,baseball).
likes(eric,swimming).
likes(mark,tennis).
likes(bill,X_var) if likes(tom,X_var).
:
domains ()
/*... domain... */
predicates ()
/*... ... */
goal ()
/*... _1, _2, ..*/
clauses ()
/*... ( )..*/
, () , , .
X_var .
: 1stattempt, second, 'disaster.
, , (relations) (objects).
, likes(tom,baseball), = likes, = tom, baseball.
, (, , ).
- , .
(relation) 1, 2 .
-:
likes(ellen, reading)
likes(john, computers)
likes(enc, swimming)
likes(marybeth, X) if likes (john, X)
likes(gina,X) if likes (enc, X)
- , , .
,
domains
person, activity = symbol
predicates
likes (person,activity)
likes , .
: likes (12, X), : type error, .. 12 , .. 12 .
, likes (bill, tom, baseball) , .. likes 2 (. predicates).
- :
- domains /*() - */;
- database /* */;
- predicates /* */;
- goal /* */;
- clauses /* - */.
predicates clauses.
, .
|
|
|
, .
, .
(clauses):
likes(ellen, tennis).
likes(john, football).
likes(tom, baseball).
likes(eric, swimming).
likes(mark, tennis).
, : likes (bill, baseball), .. . , (goal) : likes (bill, baseball), : likes (bill, X) if likes (tom, X).
1.2) , . , likes (bill, baseball), likes (bill, tennis).
pro.
Goal: .
, - : True, like (bill, X) if likes(tom, X) likes(tom, baseball) likes (bill, baseball).
likes (bill, tennis) No solutions, likes(bill,tennis) , .
2: .
2.1) .
:
/* :
car -
brand -
color -
age -
price -
mileage -
body - */
goal
car(Make,Odometer,Years_on_road,Body,25000)
domains
brand, color = symbol
age, price = integer
mileage = real
predicates
car(brand,mileage,age,color,price)
/* <== ... */
goal
car(Renault,13,3,5,red,12000).
/* 2200 type error: .
3.5 .
age .
. */
/*... ==> */
clauses
car(chrysler,130000,3,red,12000).
car(ford,90000,4,gray,25000).
car(datsun,8000,1,red,30000).
2.2) . .
car , age price, . mileage .
: car (Make, Odometer, Years_on_road, Body, 25000), .. , 25000$.
- : Make= ford, Odometer= 90000, Years_on_road=4, Body=gray. 1 Solution.
:
car (renault,13,3,5, red,12000).
car (ford,90000, gray,4,25000).
car (1,red,30000,80000,datsun).
.
2.3) .
25000$. : car(Make,Odometer,Year_on_road,Body,Cost) and Cost<25000.
- 2 :
1) car(Make,Odometer,Year_on_road,Body,Cost);
2) Cost<25000.
2.4) .
() , . (_).
|
|
|
, .
, , owns(_, shirt) /*everyone owns a shirt ( )*/.
: car(_,_,Age,_,Cost) and Cost>12700.
-:
Age= 3, Cost= 32000
Age= 4, Cost= 25000
2 Solutions
3: .
, , - 9 . : pupil (Person1, 9) and pupil (Person2, 9) and Person1<>Person2. .
:
/* :
child -
age -
pupil -
person - */
domains
child = symbol
age = integer
predicates
pupil(child,age)
clauses
pupil(peter,9).
pupil(paul,10).
pupil(chris,9).
pupil(susan,9).
4: not .
.
:
/* :
person -
male -
smoker -
date - ,
vegetarian -
possible - */
domains
person = symbol
predicates
male(person)
smoker(person)
vegetarian(person)
sophie_could_date(person)
goal
sophie_could_date(X) and
write("a possible date for sophie is ",X) and nl.
clauses
male(joshua).
male(bill).
male(tom).
smoker(guiseppe).
smoker(tom).
vegetarian(joshua).
vegetarian(tom).
sophie_could_date(X) if male(X) and not(smoker(X)).
sophie_could_date(X) if male(X) and vegetarian(X).
- : a possible date for sophie is joshua.
, -.
, , , male(X) smoker(X), X .
, : sophie_could_date(X) if not(smoker(X)) and male(X) , .. smoker(X), , .
5: .
, .
:
1) alan ivan?
2) marilyn?
3) fay?
4) marilyn beverly, ?
: (.EXE) .
, , , .
:
/* :
father -
parent -
uncle -
brother -
grandfather -
male -
female -
sister -
mother -
is - , */
domains
person = symbol
predicates
male(person)
female(person)
father(person,person)
mother(person,person)
sister(person,person)
parent(person,person)
brother(person,person)
uncle(person,person)
grandfather(person,person)
clauses
male(alan).
male(charles).
male(bob).
male(ivan).
female(beverly).
female(fay).
female(marilyn).
female(sally).
mother(marilyn,beverly).
mother(alan,sally).
father(alan,bob).
father(beverly,charles).
father(fay,bob).
father(marilyn,alan).
parent(X,Y) if mother(X,Y).
parent(X,Y) if father(X,Y).
brother(X,Y) if /* Y, */
male(Y) and /*Y */
parent(X,P) and /* */
parent(Y,P) and /* Y */
X <> Y. /* X Y */
sister(X,Y) if /* Y */
|
|
|
female(Y) and /*Y - */
parent(X,P) and /* X P */
parent(Y,P) and /* Y P */
X <> Y. /*X Y */
uncle(X,U) if /* X U */
mother(X,P) and /* X P */
brother(P,U). /* P U. */
uncle(X,U) if /* X U */
father(X,P) and /* X P */
brother(P,U). /* P U */
grandfather(X,G) if /* X G */
father(P,G) and /* P G */
mother(X,P). /* X P. */
grandfather(X,G) if /* X G */
father(X,P) and /* X P */
father(P,G). /* P G */
:
1) brother(ivan,alan) - ; ;
2) grandfather(marilyn,Gf),write(Gf) - : charles; : bob;
3) sister(fay,Sis),write(Sis) - ;
4) sister(marilyn,beverly) and write("marilyn is beverly's sister") or mother(marilyn,beverly) and write("marilyn is beverly's mother") - : marilyn is beverly's mother.
