3
.
1. Pb-Sn .
2. .
3. - .
4. .
- , .
, , . : , . .
Pb - Sn " ". , , , , .
. .
, . ( ). . . , (), . .
, . (0 ; , ) . .
,
= - + 2,
- ( );
- , ;
2 - ( );
- , .
( ) , , .
-0, =const, :
|
|
= - + 1.
, -+1>0, <+1, , . , .
= 0 - - (). - , . ( ) . =1 2, .
, (: Fe - Pb, Cu - Pb).
, .
, , , ( ) ,