.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


1,013105 0 100 ( )




, (, , 609 ). 273,16 , (). . 273,15 ( , ), , , T=273,15+t. T=0 . , 0 , .

v . , . . r=const, v= V/m= 1/r. , .

. , , . , (, ).

-

41.

- , :

1) ;

2) ;

3) .

, , -

(, ), . , , , .

, - , , , .

: :

pV = const (41.1) = const, m =const.

, V, , . , , , (. 60).

-: 1) :

V=V0( 1 +at) (41.2) p = const, m = const;

2) :

p = p0( 1 +at) (41.3) V =const, m =const.

t , 0 V 0 0, a=1/273,15 -1.

, , . V, t (.61) , . , , . , t (. 62) , .

(41.2) (41.3) , t =-1/a=-273,15 , 1+at=0. , (. 62),

T=t+ 1 /a.

(41.2) (41.3) , - :

V=V0(1+at)=V0[1+a(T-1/a)]=v0at,

p=p0(1+at)=p0 [1 +a(- 1 /a)]=0a,

V 1 /V 2 = T 1 /T 2 (41.4)

p = const, m = const,

1/ 2 = T 1/ T 2 (41.5) V =const, m =const,

1 2 , .

: . 22,4110-33/.

, , :

n = 6,0221023 -1.

: , . .

p=p 1 +p 2 +... + pn,

p 1, p 2,..., p n , , , .

, : , V .

, ,

f(, V, ) =0,

.

. (17991864) , -. V 1, 1 1. 2, V 2, 2 (.63). 1 2 : 1) ( 1 1 '), 2) ( 1 ' 2).

(41.1) - (41.5) :

p 1 V 1= p '1 V 2, (42.1)

p '1/ p '2=T1/T2. (42.2)

(42.1) (42.2) ' 1,

p 1 V 1 /T 1 =p 2 V 2 / 2.

1 2 ,

pV/T ,

. .

pV/T =B=const. (42.3)

(42.3) , , .

. . (18341907) , (42.3) , V. , Vm, . R .

pVm = RT (42.4)

, , .

(42.4), , ( 0 = 1,013105 , T0=273,15 K:, Vm= 22,4110-33/): R = 8,31 /().

(42.4) . l/m, V = (m/M) Vm, ( ). (/).

v = m/M .

, :

k=R/N=1,3810-23 /.

(42.4)

p = RT/Vm = kNAT/Vm = nkT,

N A/ V m = n ( ). ,

p = nkT (42.6)

, ( ). . , 1 3 , :

NL = P0/(kT0) = 2,681025 -3.

-

- . , , , . DS (. 64) , . , , m 0 v-(-m 0 v)=2m 0 v, 0 , v .

 

Dt DS , DS v D t (.64). n D Sv D t (n ).

, , ,

DS , . , 1/3 , (1/6) , . , , DS 1/6nDSvDt.

D = 2 m 0 v 1/6 n D Sv D t =1/3n m 0 v 2D S D t.

, ,

p =DP/(DtDS)=1/3nm0v2. (43.1)

V N ,

v 1, v 2,..., vN,

.

(43.1) (43.2)

= 1/30 <v>2. (43.3)

(43.3) - . -

.

, n = N/V,

.

m = Nm 0, (43.4)

pV =1/3m<v>2.

= ( ),

pV m=1/3M<v>2,

Vm . , , pVm=RT. ,

RT=1/3 <v>2,

= m0NA, m0 , N , (43.6) ,

k = R/NA . , 480 /, 1900 /. 40 160 /.

<e0) =E/N = m0 <v> )2/2 = 3/2kT(43.8)

( (43.5) (43.7)) . , T=0 <e0> =0,,. . 0 , , . , (43.8) - .





:


: 2016-09-03; !; : 508 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1012 - | 825 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.034 .