, ( R = 0). , σ. αw σF.
αw
αw = Ka(u 1) 1KH/(ψbau[σH]2)
1.
1 2 1 2 > 100. , z1 (1) 1> 350, z2 (2) 2 <350.
, z1 z2 40 4543-71.
) z1 D ≤125 σ = 900; σ = 750; 4550HRC (425480HB); 269302;
) z2 S≤80 σ = 900; σ = 750; 269302.
1m = 452HB, H2m = 285HB; 1m H2m = 452-285 =
=167>100HB .
2.
Lh = 365∙24κκ h
Lh = 365∙24∙0,5*0,66*4 = 11563,2. N = 60nc Lh: N1 = 60∙467,82∙1∙11563,2 = 65,5∙107; N2 =N1/u =
= 65,5∙107/4,5 = 14,5∙107.
N Hlim = 30 Hm 2,412∙107; NFlim = 4∙106. N Hlim1 = 7∙107<12∙107; N Hlim2 = 2,34∙107<12∙107. , N1 N2 , N Hlim; N1 N2> NFlim. ZN = 1; YN =1.
3. . :
[σ]min ≤ [σH] = 0,45([σ]1+[σ]2) ≤ 1,25[σ]min,
[σ]i = [σ] minbi ZN/SH (i=1,2). N Hlim:
σ minb1 = 17HRC + 200 = 17∙47,5 + 200 = 1007;
σ minb2 = 2 +70 = 2∙285 + 70 = 640. : SH1=1,2;
SH2 = 1,1.
[σ]1 = 1007∙1/1,2 = 839; [σ]2 = [σ]min = 640∙1/1,1 = 582; 582<0,45∙(839+582) = 639<1,25∙582 = 728. .
[σ] = 639.
[σF] = σFlimbYN, σFlimb1 = 310; σFlimb2 = 1,03m = 1,03∙285 = 294;
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YN =1.
[σF]1 = 310; [σF]2 = 294.
4. ψba αw: ψba = b2/ αw : ψba = 0,3150,5. ψba = 0,4. ψbd d 1: ψbd = b2/d1 = 0,5 ψba(u +1) = 0,5∙0,4(4,5+1)=1,1.
5.
υ = n1(T1/u) 1/3/1194 = 467,82∙(22,18/4,5)1/3/1194 = 0,66 /.
( ) 8 1643-81.
V = 1,02
β = 1+ (β0 - 1) W, β : ψbd = 1,1 2≤ 350 β0 = 1,05; W : . υ ≈ 2 /, 2 = 285 W =0,3; β = 1+(1,05 - 1)∙ 0,315 = 1,015
α = 1 + (α0 - 1) W, α0
1 ≤ α0= 1+0,25(nCT - 5) ≤ 1,6: α0 = 1+0,25(8-5) = 1,75>1,6. 7- . α0 = 1+0,25(7-5)= 1,5<1,6. : 8-7-8 1643-81.
α = 1+ (1,5 - 1)∙ 0,315 = 1,15
= 1,02∙1,015∙1,15 = 1,19.
6. αw = Ka(u 1) 1KH/(ψbau[σH]2), ,
αw = 410(4,5+1)[22,18∙ 1,19 /(0,4∙4,5∙6392)]1/3 = 74,4 .
αw ( ), αw = 75 .
7.
b2 = bw ψba αw = 0,4∙ 75 = 30; b2 = 30;
b1 = b2 + (35); b1 = 34.
mmax ≈2 αW/[17(u +1)] = 2∙95 /[17(4,5+1)]= 2,03. m ≥ 1,5. 9563-60 m = 2 .
βmin = arcsin (4m/b2) = arcsin(4∙2/34) = 13,60896063
z∑ = z1 z2 =(2 αWcosβmin )/m = (2∙95 cos13,60896063)/2=92,83,
z∑ z∑ ( ) z∑ = 92 - β ( 10-6): cosβ = 92∙2/2∙95 = 0,968421
β = arcos 0,968421 = 14,4373010
β = 8200.
z1 z2
z1 = z∑/(u+1)=92 /(4,5+1) = 16,73 - z1=17. z1min = 17cos3β =
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z1min = 17 cos3 14,437301=15
z1 = 17 > 15
z2 = z∑ - z1 = 92-17 = 75
u = 75/17 = 4,41
u u=4,5 ∆ u= 100(4,5 4,41)/4,5 =2%, [3%] .
(.3):
- d1 = 17∙2/ os 14,437301= 35,09;
d2 = 2∙112 41,195 = 154,91
- dα1 = 35,09 - 2∙2 = 39,09
dα2 = 154,91 - 2∙2 = 158,91
- df1 = 35,09 2,5∙2 = 30,09
df2 = 154,91 2,5∙2 = 159,91
3.
:
1=22,74 .;
n1=945 -1;
u=2,02;
Kc=0,66.
- . :
a) , ., d1≤d30.
d30 . 100L6 d30=240.
b) , . .
d2≤d2 +100,
d2 .
100
d2 =155
d2≤255
1) . 6.1 (kc=0,66) : =1,2
:
1=1 . =22,74. 1,2=27,288 .
2) . 6.2 11≤ 1 ≤70 1284.1-89 :
d1 min=90
Lp=5604000
mn=0,1
A=81 2
y0=2,8
T=80,4
W=13
Wp=11
3) .
0,7(d1+ d2)<a<2(d1+ d2) d1
0,7(1+ u)<a/d1<2(1+ u). u=2,02
2,114.d1<a<6,04.d1
d2≤255
d1=255/2,02=126,23 ; d1=112 ( R 20); d1> d1min
d2=112.2,02 R20 d2=226 .
4)
u = d2/ [ d1(1-ξ)]=226/[112(1-0,01)]=2,04; ξ =0,01- .
: υ1=π d1n1/60000; υ2= υ1(1-ξ)
υ1=π.112.945/60000=5,53 /
υ2=5,53(1-0,01)=5,58 /
5)
2,114.112<a<6,04.112;
243,11<a<676,48
u=3
/ d2=1,0; = d2=226
6)
Lp=2a+ω+q/a,
ω= 0,5 π(112+226)=530,66
q= [(226-112)/2]2=3249 2
Lp=2.226+530,66+3249/226=997,04
Lp=1250
7)
anom=0,25(Lp ω+[(Lp ω)2 8q]0,5)=0,25(1250 530,66+[(1250 530,66)2+8. 3249]0,5)=364,13
II, S1= 0,025, S2=0,009 ∆1≥S1Lp
∆1≥0,025.1250=31,25
∆1=34,26
anom+∆1=390
anom ∆2≥0,009.Lp≥0,009.1250≥33,25
=∆1+∆2=34,26+34=68
8) α1=π (d2 - d1)/=1800 57(226-112)/364,13=162,150>1100
9) K=P/(P0.Cα.CL.CK)
P
0 , 1800 .
Cα ;
CL , ;
CK - , .
P=(T1p.n1)/9550=945.29,8/9550=2,95
0≈1,5
α=162,150 Cα=0,95
CL=(Lp/L0p)1/m=(1250/1700)1/6=0,92
CK=1 K=3,76/1.0,95.0,92.1=4
CK=0,78
K=3,76/1.0,95.0,92.0,78=5,4
10)
(=1,2)
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=1.n1/9550=22,18.945/9550=2,19
υ1=5,53 /
mn=0,1 /
F0=500(2,5 - Cα) . /(Cα. υ1.K)+ mn. υ12=500(2,5 0,95).2,19.1,2/(0,93.5,53.5)+0,1.5,532=90,87
f=1,55.10-2.a
F = 1,55.10-2.364,13 =473,89.10-2=5,64
:
Q = (c.F0 + C0)/16
Q =(1,3.90,87 + 5)/16 = 7,76
11)
=103. υ/Lp≤[]; []=20c-1
=103.5,53/1250=4,4 -1 ≤[20]
12) : A 1250 II 1284.1 - 89
13)
FB=2F0.K.sin(α1/2)=2.90,87*5.sin(162,15/2)=868,8 ψ=0
FBx=FB=868,8; FBy =0
4.
: n=945; n1=467,82; n2=103,73 -1; : u=4,5; u=2,02; u0=9,11; : 1=22,74; 2=184,38; =97,05 ..
1) : u =4,239; u =2,13; u 0=4,239.2,13=9, 03. ∆ u0=100.(9,11 9,03)/9,11=0,87%
:
ni, -1 | 467,82 | 103,73 | 103,73 | |
Tj, H. | 72,97 | 22,74 | 184,38 | 97,05 |
2) D, S D≤D, S≤S, D S . 5.2:
a. z1 D = da1 + 6 = 46,195+6=52,195
D = 52<125;
b. ( )
S = b2 + 4 = 45 + 4 = 49<80.
.
3) ν = πd1n1/6000 =(π.41,195.289,08)/60000=0,6235 /
( 0,6194 /). ν, ,
ψbd = b2/d1 = 45/41,195=1,092 ( 1,1) , , : =1,02.1,015.1,15=1,19
4)
σ =(zσ/aw)[KHT1(u1)3/(b2. u)]0,5=8400[1.19.71,51(4,239+1)3/(45.4,239)]0,5=620,78
∆σ = 100(620,78 639)/639=2,85<(15 20)%
.
5) .
ν = 0,62/ 2<350HB; 8 ; KFV = 1,04
KFβ = 0,18+0,82.H 0Hβ=1,041
KFα = 1,5
KF = 1,04.1,041.1,5=1,624
6) Ft = 2000T1/d1 = 2000.71,51/41,195=3471,78 M
zν2 = 84/cos313,8365=91,83
zν1 = 19/cos313,8365=20,765
YFS2 YFS1
x = 0
YFS2 =3,47+13,2/91,83=3,614
YFS1 =3,47+13,2/20,765=4,106
Yβ = (1 β)/100=(1 13,8365)/100=1,138≥0,7
Yε =0,65
7)
σF2 = (KF.F1.YFS2.Yβ. Yε)/(b2.m)=(1,624.3471,78.3,614.1,138.0,65)/(45.2,5)=133,977 M
σF1 = σF2.YFS1/YFS2=(133,977.4,106)/3,614=152,216 M<310
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.
5.
. , , : 40 4543-71; , (1) . , . , 40.
40 D≤120 ≥270 : σ=920, σ=750, τ=450, σ-1=420, τ-1=230 ; ψτ=0,1.
.
[τK]=25 M :
- d≥(78)1/3=(78).71,691/3=(29,0733,23);
- d≥(56)T1/3=(56).172,81/3=(27,8433,42).
. 12081 72 d=d=40 ; dT=d=32 .
. : =1,3.71,69= 93,197 ..
d d1 . 160S8 d1=48 , . 48 , 40 . 40 , 32 .
. :
100 1 32 1 50892 96, =100 .>=93,197
, 1 12081-72 , : d=40, l1=110, l2=82,d=35,9; b*h=8.10=80; t1=5; t2=3,3 ; d1 M242
2 d=32 : l2=58; d=29,1; bxh=6x6=36, t1=3,5; t2=2,8; d2=M10; l3=17, l4=19 .
d : d≥ dc+ 2t2+1 , dc ; t2 :
d≥35,9+2.3,3+1=43,5 ;
d=29,1+2.2,8+1=35,7 .
d , : d=45 ; d=40 .
8338-75
:
- 207: d=35, D=72, B=17, r=2 , r
- 208: d=40, D=80, B=18, r=2 .
aw=112 .
:
w = 0,5(D+D)+∆, ∆≥2.1/3=2.172,81/3=11,14 ; w =0,5(72+80)+11,14=87,14 . ∆=112 76=36>11,14 . . .
: d=40 bxh=12x8 , t1=5 .
lp=2000TT/{d(h t1)[σ]}, [σ] 150 . lp=2000.172,8/40(8 5).150=19,2 . lp=19 .
l= lp+b=19+12=31, .
:
12 8 40 23360-78
l=l+(510). l=40 , 5 b2=45 .
: =L1/3+ 3 , L : L=aw+0,5(dα1+ dα2)=112+ 0,5(39,09+158,91)=211 ; =2111/3+3=8,95 .
7.
, , , . . : , σ , .
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σ=639 , υ=0,62 / 400 60 2/. : ---68.
: , , , 68 .
: hM≈(2m0,25d2), 10 . hM=2.2,50,25.182,805=546,45. : b0≥3a, b0≥3.9=27 .
8. , .