1: , ,
2009
621(3.13.333) 621.38
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: .1: , , . / ... -; .:.. , .., .. , .. . , 2008. 55.
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. ..., . ..
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..
020404 06.03.1997.
6868/16.
RISO....
..-.. . . .
420075, , . 68
1. .
: 1) , ;
2) , ;
3) .
, () . ( ) . (.1).
1. . .
1: ( ) . . .1.
.1
. , ( ). , (.2), 2- R L, - . (, , ) , .. .
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. 2 |
R . I : .
L I . () . : , .
. () . : , .
2. , .
2.1: , 3- : . . .. , :
;
() :
;
. . , .
2.2. ( 2- ) , :
, : .
: .
2.3 , , :
, ;
, ;
, .
QL QC :
cosφ S: .
: .
a) : cosφ0=0/UI0. 0 =I02R, U=I0·R. cosφ0 :
.
b) , S P. :
.
: , .. .
**)
3. ?
3.1: Z=R, .
: , .. UL UC. , UL UC ( 180).
c R,L,C ( ) .
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, . , ( ) , =0. ( , φ0 =0). , S, : .
U, R:
, .
, . , R, . .
, .
**) XL/R . < 380. UL c (UL>>380).
, , .
4. (. .1) ?
4: L=XC.
.. L=ωL, XC=1/ω, :
1. ω L ;
2. ω L;
3. L ω. .
5. ?
5: 1) ω L. 0=1/ωXL, , . .
1
1: .
2) .. UL=IXL, UL . . PV , , 2- : R L. R UR= IR=U, .
2: PV .
3) , PVC, : .
.. , L, XC , . UL =U. U=UR. = . PV PVC . , U > UC.
3: PV PVC.
4) PW . .. , = I2R, P .
|
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4: = I02R= U2 / R.
6: , , .
6.1: , , , :
,
.
I UR = I R . ŪL = +jI XL . Ū = - jI X
XL > X, UL>UC (. 3). XL < X, UL<UC ( 3). XL = X, UL=UC (. 3).
. 3 . 3
. 3
:
(. 3) : XL > X, U I. XL < X (. 3), I U.
7. , .
7. I0=U/R. () R ( ) ( W) (). V V : UC=I0XC= U/RXC, UL=I0XL= U/RXL.
8. , ?
8. XC =XL. XC XL .
: .
***) , - . - .
9. .
9. Z, , I, U c, U L, cosφ = f (C).
. 4
9.1Z :
XL R , Xc >>XL >>R, Z Xc. , , Xc=1/ω Z . Z (= (50)) XC=XL=63, R =14 ). Xc XL Z .
9.2 I : I=U/Z. .. U=const, I Z . , I , (I0= U/R=40/14=2,85A), .
9.2 =I2R. I2 . . , , (=U2/R=402/14=114,5), .
9.3 UL = IXL. .. XL=const, UL I . ( XL).
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9.3
L R, ( =0 →= ∞→ I=0), U UC U (U =40). UC UC =I0 XC =40 /14 63=180B.
XC , = ∞, XC=0, : , : UC=IXC →0.
9.4 cos φ :
.
cosφ U. → osφ = U/Z R/U= IR/U= b I,
b= R/U=const. cosφ I . , cosφ , (XL=XC → Z=R) (cosφ0 = R/R =1) .
10. ? ?
10. , U, R:
, .
, .
, , . () . , LC , . XC/R 104, UC U .
3. ɻ
: 1)
2) ;
3) ;
4) , .
, ( ). PA 1 PV 1 . PA 1 , , (SA 3 a, SA 5 b SA 7 c). PW 1 PW 2 .
1. ?
1. ,, X,Y,Z . a,b, x,y,z .
2. ?
2. 2 : ) ) 4- .
(x, y, z) n, , (. 5), (a, b, c) , (A, B, C). .
, , n N (.5). .
. 5
. 5
3. ?
3. (3-1,,) .6 :
u(t)A= UmSinωt (3.1)
u(t)B= UmSin(ωt+2π/3) (3.1)
u(t)C= UmSin(ωt+4 π/3) (3.1)
. 6
4- .
|
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ŮA=Ů ; Ů =Ůb; ŮC =Ůc.
4- , Z=0, .
u(t)A=u(t)=UmSinωt (3.2)
u(t)B=u(t)b=UmSin(ωt+2π/3)=UmSin(360/T.t+120) (3.2)
u(t)C=u(t)c=UmSin(ωt+4π/3)=UmSin(360/T.t+240) (3.2)
.
i(t)= UmSinωt/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt- φ] (3.3)
i(t)b= UmSin(ωt+120)/ Z b=Um/Zb Sin[ωt +120- φb] (3.3)
i(t)C= UmSin(ωt+240)/ Z c=Um/Zc Sin[ωt+ 240- φc] (3.3)
:
φ=arctg(Jm Z /Re Z ); φb= arctg(Jm Z b/Re Z b); φc= arctg(Jm Z c/Re Z c).
Z = Z b = Z c : φ= φ= φ = arctg(Jm Z /Re Z ).
i(t)= UmSinωt/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt - φ] (3.4)
i(t)b= UmSinωt/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt+120- φ] (3.4)
i(t)c= UmSinωt/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt+240- φ] (3.4)
:
i(t)Nn =i(t)+ i(t)b +i(t)b (3.4)
i(t)n=0 (3.4)
:
1. Z = Z b= Z c, : φ=φ=φ=arctg(Jm Z /Re Z ).
2. .
3- . , Z=0, . (3-2 ,,) .
( ) :
i(t)=UmSinωt/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt- φ] (3.3)
i(t)b= UmSin(ωt+120)/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt +120- φ] (3.3)
i(t)C= UmSin(ωt+240)/ Z = Um/Z Sin[ωt+ 240- φ] (3.3)
:φ= arctg(Jm Z /Re Z ).
4. ?
4. 3- 4- .
***) , .
5. ?
5. Z ≠ Z b≠ Z c,
6. ?
6. . A= ; = b; C= c. , . , ( ), , . ( , ).
7. ?
7. , , ŮA, Ů, Ů :
; ; ;
- ().
.
2- :
: Ė , .
:
İa= a/ Z a = ( A - )/ Z a;
İb= b/ Z b = ( B - )/ Z b;
İa = c/ Z c = ( C - )/ Z c.
8. ?
8.
, . . , .
. ( ).
1. (+1,j). +1 , - -. ( +90).
2. , 1→20. U a ( ) +1. .
3. U b U c ( ) +120 120 . b c .
4. , , n. .
5. . . Ua b= UA B, U bc= U BC, U c= U C. , .
.
1. (. 8).
2. (. 9):
, n ŮBC. Z b Z c BC. n , b c BC.
. 9
3. (. 9).
( ) n . Ů , İa , b c .
. 9
4. (. 10).
, Z ≠ Z b≠ Z c, ≠ b ≠ c, N n .
4.1 .
4.2. ( ) . n. N .
4.3 n N. U nN ( ).
4.4 . , , , . ( ) .
***) .
. 10
5. (.11).
A= ; = b; C = c:
. 11
9. ?
9.
) ,
) ( ).
A≠ ; ≠ b; C ≠ c
≠ b ≠ c; İa≠ İb≠İc.
10. ?
10 ) ( ) , b, C , :
İNn= İb + İc, (Ia=0)
) ( ) , :
:
b= İb Z b; c= İb Z c, = - Nn
Z b= Z c, :
b= c= BC/2, = 3/2 BC=3/2 U
11. ) ?
) ?
11.1.. ( ) :
1) U =0.
2) ( ) n (. 9). , İa , b c . U C U , U b UAB , U C = U , U b = - U AB.
11.2. ( b) :
1) b, » Zint. .
2) Ub 0.
3) U Uc .
12. ) ) ?
12 ) . .
) Z b Z c ŮBC.
n , b c BC.
13. ?
13. , . (.12).
. 12
14. ?
14. . , .
*** ) .
. 13
15. , .
15.