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I, II
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:
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: . / . . ; .
.. . : - . . . - . . , 2012. 166 .
ISBN 978-5-87976-
, - () . , , , , : 1) -, ; 2) - 3 .
| ISBN 978-5-87976- | . ., 2012 . . , 2012 |
.. 7
.. 9
I .
. 10
. 11
(Grammar revision course) 18
(The Noun) 18
(Plural of nouns) 18
(The Case) 20
.
(The Definite / Indefinite Articles) 22
(The adjective) 25
.
(Degrees of comparison of adjectives) 25
.
(Using of adjective) 28
(The Pronoun) 30
(Word Order) 32
- .
(Verb Tenses) 34
INDEFINITE.. 34
to be. 36
to have. 36
there is (there are) 37
(The Passive Voice) 38
.
(The Ways of Translating the Passive Voice into Russian) 42
- . 43
|
|
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1. 49
1.
NATURES BUILDING BLOCKS. 50
2.
SWIMMING.. 51
3.
TOOL.. 52
. 53
1.
Wonders of the MODERN WORLD.. 53
2.
MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV.. 55
3.
THE HISTORY OF GEOMETRY.. 56
..
1. 57
INTRODUCING MYSELF. 57
2.
MY WORKING DAY.. 58
3.
TAGANROG.. 60
4.
OUR INSTITUTE.. 62
II . 63
. 63
(Mood) 64
(The imperative mood) 64
(Modal verbs) 65
CONTINUOUS. 70
PERFECT. 71
. 74
(The infinitive) 74
(participles) 77
(The gerund) 79
. 81
one. 83
that. 84
- . 85
2. 91
1.
METHODS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS. 92
2.
TENNIS. 93
3.
RADIUM... 95
. 96
1.
THE HISTORY OF PERSONAL COMPUTING.. 96
2.
ACCURATE TIME.. 98
3.
TELEVISION AND RADIO.. 99
.. 101
1.
Sports in Great Britain.. 101
2.
SCIENCE IN BRITAIN.. 103
3.
Customs and Traditions in Great Britain.. 104
4.
English as world language.. 106
III . 108
. 108
- (Perfect Continuous Tenses) 108
. 111
. 111
(Direct and Indirect Speech) 115
(Sequence of Tenses) 117
. 118
(It is (was)... that) 119
(The Adverb) 120
.. 121
(Wordbuilding) 122
- . 125
3. 134
1.
PROOF AND PROGRESS. 134
2.
GAME - PLAYFULNESS - CREATIVITY.. 136
3.
TELESCOPE.. 137
. 138
1.
PROBABILITY.. 138
2.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION.. 140
3.
GRAVITATION.. 141
... 142
1.
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 143
2.
LONDON.. 145
3.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN.. 147
4.
BRITISH MEALS. 149
.. 152
. 153
1.
. 154
2. 155
155
3
.
( ) 161
4.
. 166
- () , , . - .
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3. .
4. .
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GOOD LUCK!
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2. . , s .
3. / .
4. .
5. : , , , , , .
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7. Indefinite .
8. to be, to have Present, Past Future Indefinite.
9. there is (are).
10. .
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[ɪ], [], [æ], [ɔ], [u], [ ʌ ], [ə].
[i:], [:], [ɔ:], [u:], [ə:].
[eɪ], [aɪ], [ɔɪ], [u],[ou], [ɪə], [εə], [uə].
, . : feel [fi:l] , fill [fɪl] ; leave [li:v] , live [lɪv] .
: , ; , ; [], [t], [k] ; [m], [n], [ŋ], [l] , .
[t, d, l, n] , .
, . : [θ, ð, w, ŋ, dʒ].
, . . 26 44 . .
1
| - | |||
| B | [b] | bus, but, about, better, butter, by, book, bed, bag, bad. | |
| Bt | [t] | debt, doubt | |
| [s] | , i, | face, city, cinema, cycle, since, ice, space, centre | |
| [k] | cap, cat, cut, cry, copy, capital, come, close, clock | ||
| [ʃ] | ocean, social, special, musician, ancient, racial |
1
| Cc | [ks] | , i, | accept, success, accent, accident |
| [k] | occur, accord, accomplish, accumulate, occupy, occasion | ||
| ch tch | [tʃ] | chess, rich, cheese, chop, much, match, kitchen, watch, catch | |
| Ch | [k] | school, architect, chemistry, character, archiology, technical | |
| [ʃ] | machine, machinery, machinist | ||
| Ck | [k] | black, sick, back, pack, neck, check | |
| D | [d] | date, made, end, decide, old | |
| [-] | grandmother, handsome, handkerchief | ||
| Dg | [dʒ] | bridge, knowledge, judge, siedge | |
| F | [f] | five, if, finish, face, family | |
| Ften | [fn] | often, soften | |
| G | [dʒ] | , i, | page, change, gymnasium, stage |
| [g] | go, get, green, grey, grow | ||
| Gh | [-] | u, u t | weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter |
| [f] | u, u | laugh, enough, cough | |
| Gn | [n] | foreign, sign, campaign | |
| H | [h] | he, his, here, have, home, hundred | |
| [-] | hour, honour, honest, exhibition | ||
| J | [dʒ] | just, major, object, subject | |
| K | [k] | kill, keep, Mike, kitchen, like | |
| Kn | [n] | know, knee, knife, knock | |
| L | [l] | lake, late, light, listen, leg | |
| [-] | aim, alf, alk | talk, calm, half, chalk | |
| M | [m] | miss, meal, seem, team, home | |
| Mb | [m] | climb, bomb | |
| Mn | autumn, column | ||
| N | [n] | never, number, nobody, next, notice |
1
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| Ng | [ŋ] | sing, song, interesting, thing | |
| Nk | [ŋk] | drink, bank, ink, tank, thank | |
| P | [p] | pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top | |
| Ph | [f] | Phone, physics, philosophy, philologist, symphony, phase | |
| Qu | [kw] | queen, question, quick, quite, queue | |
| [k] | unique, technique | ||
| R | [r] | red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror, trip | |
| S | [s] | see, sea, son, sun, stand, stop, maps, cats, books, hats, caps | |
| : [ʃ] | sugar, sure | ||
| [z] | pens, bags, days, girls, boys | ||
| these, cheese, please, nose, rose | |||
| Ss | [s] | class, pass, success, kiss, miss | |
| [ʃ] | ia, io | Russian, Belorussian | |
| Ssion | [ʃn] | session, discussion, comission | |
| Sion | [ʒn] | decision, conclusion, revision, invasion | |
| Sure | [ʒe] | pleasure, treasure, leisure, measure | |
| Sh | [ʃ] | ship, fish, short | |
| Sc | [s] | , i, | science, scientist, scene, scenery |
| Sten | [sn] | listen, fasten | |
| Stle | [sl] | whistle, wrestling | |
| T | [t] | ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth | |
| Th | [θ] | thing, thank, three, tooth | |
| [ð] | this, those, with, without, weather | ||
| Tion | [ʃn] | demonstration, revolution, dictation, translation, attention | |
| Ture | [tʃə] | picture, future, lecture, culture, nature, feature, furniture | |
| V | [v] | live, leave, voice, move, vase | |
| W | [w] | win, want, water, wind, twins | |
| Wh | [w] | when, where, why, what, which, white, whisper, while | |
| wh+o | [h] | who, whom, whose, whole | |
| Wr | [r] | wrong, write, writer, wrestling |
2
| - | ||||
| A | [eɪ] | place, came, later | [æ] have, atom | |
| [e]any, many | ||||
| [æ] | i | habit, rabit, vanish | ||
| [æ] | land, fact, carry | [a:] example | ||
| [ɔ:] | i , m, f | also, talk, salt | [æ] rally, shall | |
| [a:] | n | answer, France, cant, chance, demand | ||
| [a:] | s, f | class, draft, ask, last | [æ] classic, mass, passive | |
| [eɪ] | ste, nge | taste, danger, change | ||
| [a:] | th | father, path, rather | [æ] gather | |
| [ɔ:] | w, qu r | water, quarter, war | [eɪ] wage, wake, wane | |
| A | [ɔ] | was, want | [æ] wag, wax | |
| ai, ay | [eɪ] | aim, aid, may, day | [e] says, said | |
| Air | [εə] | air, pair, chair | ||
| Al | [:] | f, m | calm, palm, half | |
| Ar | [:] | cr, part, garden | ||
| [εə] | care, careful | [a:] are | ||
| au, aw | [ɔ:] | cause, law, pause | [a:] aunt | |
| Au | [:] | gh(t) | laugh | |
| Augh | [ɔ:] | t | daughter | |
| E | [i:] | we, Pete, eve | [e] very, edit, medal | |
| [e] | get, settle, fell, egg |
2
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| Ea | [i:] | d, th | tea, peace, meat | [e] deaf, heavy, peasant, weapon [eɪ] break, great |
| [e] | d, th, 1th | bread, breath, dead, death, head, health | [ɪə] idea, real [i:]beneath, breathe | |
| Ear | [ɪə] | clear, hear, near | ||
| [ə:] | earth, heard, learn | [a:] heart [ɪə] beard | ||
| Ee | [i:] | green, free | ||
| Eer | [ɪə] | deer, engineer | ||
| Ei | [i:] | , s | ceiling, conceive | |
| ey, ei | [eɪ] | convey, grey, they, obey, vein | [i:] key | |
| Eigh | [eɪ] | eight, neighbour | [ai] freight, height | |
| Er | [ə:] | term, person, emerge | [a:] clerk | |
| Er | [ɪə] | here, tear, serious | [ə:] were | |
| [εə] there, where | ||||
| eu, ew | [ju:] | Europe, feud, new | ||
| I | [aɪ] | fine, life, time | [ɪ] give, live | |
| [ɪ] | sit, little, written | |||
| [ɪ] | i | civil, city, limit | [aɪ] tiny | |
| [aɪ] | ld, nd | bind, find, child, wild | [ɪ] wind () | |
| [i:] | machine, police, prestige, regime | |||
| [-] | u | cruise, fruit, juice | guide, guilty | |
| Ie | [i:] | achieve, brief, chief | [e] friend | |
| ig(h) | [aɪ] | sigh, high, night | ||
| Ir | [ə:] | shirt, bird, firm | ||
| [aɪə] | (ire) | fire, tired |
2
| O | [ou] | no, note, home, open | [u:] do, move [ɔ] gone, body | |
| [ɔ] | hot, bottom, horror | |||
| [ou] | l | old, cold, folk, told | ||
| [ ʌ ] | m, n, v, w, th | another, above, among, brother, come, done, govern, London, Monday, month, none, won | ||
| [ou] | st | most, post | [ɔ] coat, float | |
| Oa | [ou] | boat, cost, frost | [ɔ:] broad | |
| Oar | [ɔ:] | board, coarse, hoarse | ||
| oi, oy | [ɔɪ] | boil, soil, boy, enjoy | ||
| Oo | [u] | k | book, look, cook | |
| [u:] | i, m, n | too, tool, moon, soon | ||
| Oor | [uə] | moor, poor | ||
| Or | [ɔ:] | for, order, port, morning | ||
| [ə:] | w | word, work, world | [ɔ:] worn | |
| ou, ow | [au] | round, sound, now | ||
| Ou | [ ʌ ] | , | double, country, couple, courage | |
| [u:] | group, rouble, soup | |||
| Ou | [ ʌ ] | gh | enougn, rougn, tough | [au]plough [ou]though |
| [ou] | l | poultry, shoulder | ||
| Ough | [ɔ:] | t | bought, brought | |
| our, ower | [auə] | our, power | ||
| Ow | [au] | down, now, town | ||
| [ou] | grow, know, low | |||
| U | [ju:] | use, student, music, future | [ɪ] busy, [ ʌ ] study | |
| [u:] | j, l, r | June, include, rule, true |
2
| [ ʌ ] | bus, subject, current | |||
| [u] | b, f, p | bullet, bush, full, pull, push, put | ||
| Ue | [(j)u:] | blue, clue, due | ||
| Ui | [ju:] | suit | suite [swi:t] [-]guide, guilty [ju:ɪ] suicide, tuition | |
| [u:] | j, i, r | cruise, fruit, juice | [uɪ] ruin, fluid | |
| Ur | [ə:] | burn, curl, turn | ||
| [juə] | pure, cure | |||
| [uə] | sure, surely | [e] bury | ||
| U | [-] | g | guarantee, guard, guess, guide, guilty | |
| Y | [aɪ] | by, type, cycle | ||
| [ɪ] | myth, system | |||
| [j] | yoke, beyond | |||
| Yr | [ə:] | Myrch, myrtle | ||
| [aɪə] | tyrant, tyre |
