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() [ () . , ].

 

(. 12.12) ( , 12.1): F = 8,55 ; v = 1,3 /; D = 400 . , ; ; .

 

I.

(. 12.13)

 

. 1.1 h1 = 0,98; , , h2 = 0,99; h3 = 0,95; , , h4= 0,99.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19523-81 (. . 1) = 12,35 4 , , 1000 / 41606 = 15,0 2,6%, = 1000 - 26 = 974 /,

 

 

= 5 ( , , 12.1);

 

 

(. . 12,13: )

:

 

= 74 / w= 101,5 /
- w1 = 32,5 /
2= = 62 / w2= w = 6,5 /

 

II. (. . 7.11)

 

: = 12,35 ; () = 974 /; i p = 3,14; e = 0,015.

1. . 7.3 1( 1 = = 974 /; . . 12.13) = = 12,35
.

2.

= 12,35 × 103 .

3. (7.25)

 

. 7.8. , 125 , d 1 = 180 .

4. [. (7.3)]

 

d 2 = 560 (.. 33)

5.

 

 

 

, , (32,5 32,1) / 32,5 100% = 1,23%, 3%.

, d 1 = 180 d 2 = 560 .

6. [. (7.26)]

T 0=10,5 ( . 7.7).

= 800

7. (7.7)

 

 

(. . 7.7) L = 2800 .

8. L [. (7.27)]

 

 

w = 0,5p (d 1 + d 2) = 0,5×3,14(180+560)=1160 : =(d 2 d 1)2 =(560 180)2 = = 14,6 × 104;

0,01 L 0,01 × 2800 = 28 0,025 L = 0,025 × 2800 = = 70 .

9. (7.28)

 

 

10. , , . 7.10:

= 1,0.

11. , . 7.9:

L =2800 CL= 1,05.

12. , [. (7.29)]: a1 = 153 a 0,93.

13. , [. , (7.29)]: , 4 6, z = 0,90.

14. (7.29)

 

 

0 , , (. . 7.8); L = 2240 , d 1 = 180 i ³ 3 0 = 3,9 (, L = 2800 , L);

z = 4.

15. (7.30)

 

 

v = 0,5w d 1 = 0,5 × 101,5 × 180 × 10-3 = 9,15 /; q - , [. (7.30)];

 
 


 

 

16. (7.31)

 

 

17. (. . 7.12)

 

 

 





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