-
-. - . ϳ - . -, : ) ; ) ; ) ( .
[1, 7, 10]).
璺 , : 1) 2) [1, 7, 10].
- , , 璺 璺 , [1, 7, 10].
- 44, 40, 15-32 32, 4 -26 ().
- , . 4...7 , 5...8 . - 1...3 .
- L 0 D , ( . . 68 [1] 31 [7]). , L 0 (. . 3.1)
. | (4.1) |
- .
ó
ó . 䳿 , .
C28-48 35-56 38.
, . d .
. 1 : , D, .
, ,
, | (4.2) |
s z , 50...60 , 80...100 .
|
|
: , .
, (. 4.1).
䳿 , :
, | (4.3) |
D ; , () ; .
, , 30...60 , 80...120 .
, 䳿 FN max (. [1, 56]).
ϳ ,
, | (4.4) |
, = 2,2×105 , = 1,0×105 ; ,
a = 1,1×106 -1; D t , D t = 100...150 ; μ , μ = 0,25...0,33 μ = 0,23...0,27.
, .
:
; | (4.5) |
. | (4.6) |
4.1 .
100...130 , 180...200 .
. , , , . , , ᒺ .
䳿 , . , , . , .
. (5) (15-32, 28-48) . 9, 5 4.
|
|
, .
d d D = 8...150 [7]: = 0,09 D []; =(1,5+0,09 D)[]; =(2,2+0,03 D) [].
2...3 .
璺 - (. 4.2). 䳿 , , , - .
4.2 .
ʳ , .
(18XHMA, 18XHBA, 20XHBA, 40XHMA .), , .
F ,
, (4.7)
m ; χ 璺; , .
m 1,5...2,0, 璺 5 .
璺
, | (4.8) |
K , K , K , .
χ 0,15...0,25.
ϳ , , 䳺 , .
, ,
, | (4.9) |
; ; , .
: / =1,7...2,2; / =1,1...1,3, .
ϳ 䳺 璺 . ϳ .
璺 , , ,
, , | (4.10) |
̳ , ,
, . | (4.11) |
- 璺 .
[7].
:
; , (4.12)
0 ; 0 .
; . (4.13)
(1.1), (1.7) (1.8).
k s (1.4) .
: =2,5...4,0 =1,5...2,5.
|
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(40, 45, 40, 50) (15, 12) . . 5, , , , .
. 䳿 . 5, . . . , 䳿 (. 5, ).
5 () ( () ())
, .
. w e, D, S, A (.1) (.4).
w =50...130 /, ne.
. | (5.1) |
. | (5.2) |
= (1,11,2) . ij
.
h max = (0,270,3) d , = 0,50,96, . : r 0 = (1,52,5) h max;
j0 = 6570 .; r 2 = 48 ;
; ; | (5.3) |
. | (5.4) |
d = (1,061,34) d . , , M S/ = 230300 /2 M S/ = 180230 /2 . , M S = M S/ , M S = M S(l / l )2. w = 0,5w . = 1,281,5, = 1,331,66. ̳
, | (5.5) |
p = 0,5 ; pr/ = p 0 = 0,1 .
F max, 䳺 ,
, | (5.6) |
³ l = 2 L 0, - l = L 0. ³ , a + b=l. d = 2 r 0+2; d .
, 䳿 ( . 5).
䳺
. | (5.7) |
E = 2,2×105 . y 0,02...0,05 .
, , :
|
|
, | (5.8) |
, | (5.9) |
b ; r .
[s] = 400...1200 .