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' : 1) 1950- - 1970- ; 2) 80- 3) 90- XX XXI .
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ò,ò (integrated GIS, IGIS) ò ( ) :
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ò Erdas Imaging,
PhotoMod, ER Mapper, Microstation Bently, Easy Trace, ESRI: ARC/INFO, ArcView,
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, . , , PCX, TIFF, GIF, RLE, RLC.
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