. TOPAZ .
6.4. ̳ INTERNET
̳ INTERNET ,
on-line .
INTERNET . , , , .
, . INTERNET , , .
, internet-, : INTERNET, , - . INTERNET, ( ) . 볺 , , .
Internet- , , :
볺 ;
볺 , VISA;
볺 ;
볺 ϲ- , .
, - , . , INTERNET. ֳ .
-
Visa
. 6.1. -
. 6.1.
-
Visa
VISA International, . - .
. , VISA, . , ϲ- 볺 . , 볺 , ( 볿/, ), - . - . - 볺 .
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- CVV2 (CVC2/Credit Card Check Number/security id).
-, , , 䳿, . CVV2 (CVC2/Credit Card Check
Number/security id) ( -).
6.5. ()
() Eurocard, Mastercard Maestro, 18 1999 . : , -, , , , "", "".
:
ᒺ Europay;
Europay;
.
.
, Europay, , , . Eurocard, Mastercard Maestro .
, , Europay.
. Europay .
Europay - . 1999 - .
, 볺, , , . ᒺ , , .
, , 07.12.2004 598, (), , .
, , , . 2005 2004 , . ( 99%) , : VISA INTERNATIONAL MasterCard, (1% (), ). , 㳿.
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, 7, 8 7 , 䳿 , :
1)
(, );
2) Triple DES;
3) ;
4) 볺 ( ) , ;
5) 볺 SMS- 볺 ;
6) ϳ- 䳿 ;
7) , , - ;
8) 볺 .
6.6.
, , . .
:
,
Ø ;
Ø , ;
Ø ;
Ø ;
Ø - , .
, . (Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems CPSS) 10, 1998 . .
:
䳿 , , , - .
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- , , , , .
?
1. SWIFT?
2. SWIFT?
3. SWIFT ?
4. SWIFT?
5. Target?
6. Target?
7. Target?
8. Target?
9. Target?
10. Target?
11. Topaz?
12. Topaz?
13. Topaz ?
14. Internet.
15. Internet?
16. ?
17. ?
18. ?
19. ?
20. 䳿 ?
21. ?
22. ?
ҲͲ Ҳ
7.1.
7
7.2. E-Gold
7.3. PayPal
7.4. PayCash
7.5.
WebMoney Transfer
7.6. CyberPlat
7.7. , Smart- card
7.7.1.
Mondex
7.7.2.
VisaCash
7.8.
7.9.
. , . , - - . , .
, - - - .
, ,
:
볺;
볺 ( , , , , , ..);
볺 , ..;
볺, ;
( ) 볺;
볺;
.
(lectronic money).
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7.1.
, , , .
(electronic money, e-money) , . 90- - , (on-line). , , . 볿, , 䳿, ѳ, . .
, , .
ϳ ( , , ) , .
, , - .
on-line. , , . , , E-
Gold PayPal . : E-Gold PayPal , , .. , , .
- , , . , , sh WebMoney Transfer.
Internet . : E-Gold, PayPal, PayCash, WebMoney Transfer, CyberPlat.
7.2. E-Gold
E-Gold , 1996 (Douglas Jackson Barry K.Downey). , , , , . , . E-Gold , - . , , , The London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), . .
E-Gold . USD, CAD, CHF, GBP, AUD, JPY, EUR, , 4 (e-gold), (e-silver), (e- platinum) (e-palladium). (e-currency) , 100% [37].
, E-Gold, , ,
, . E-Gold .
E-Gold 1% . , 볺 - , 1% . ( ) .
( ) E-Gold, .
ϳ e-mail, ( , ). e-mail , , .
E-Gold , PayPal, , , .
7.3. PayPal
PayPal
, 1998 ϳ (Peter Thiel Max Levchin), on-line.
, 䳺. Գ PayPal (Palo Alto, California) . .
PayPal e-mail , , .
2002 PayPal 12 , 2,2 - . 18 . 2005 PayPal 57 ( ) 86,6 .
PayPal . :
-, . ;
-, (Visa, MasterCard, Discover American Express) PayPal .
PayPal , , , , .
PayPal . , 볺. .
, , PayPal. : , , , , , , ׳, , -г, , , Գ, , ͳ, , , , , , , , , , , , ͳ, , , , ѳ, , ϳ , , , , , .
PayPal .
PayPal :
( );
- ( );
();
- ().
ϳ e-mail, ( , ). e-mail , , .