| 1. Isotope | a) property exhibited by certain types of matter of emitting energy and subatomic particles spontaneously. It is, in essence, an attribute of individual atomic nuclei |
| 2. Radioactive isotope | b) radiochemical method of analysis for measuring the mass and quantity of an element in a substance. The procedure involves adding to a substance a known quantity of a radioisotope of the element to be measured and mixing it with the stable isotope of the element |
| 3. Isotope dilution | c) in nuclear physics, any particle with one or more units of electric charge and a mass exceeding that of the helium-4 nucleus (alpha particle) |
| 4. Protium | d) one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behaviour but with different atomic masses and physical properties |
| 5. Deuterium | e) in physics and chemistry, a duplex of charged particles (ordinarily charged atoms or molecules), one positive, the other negative |
| 6. Tritium | f) any of several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays |
| 7. Radioactivity | g) isotope of hydrogen (q.v.) with atomic weight of approximately 1; its nucleus consists of only one proton |
| 8. Ion | h) the isotope of hydrogen with atomic weight of approximately 3. Its nucleus, consisting of one proton and two neutrons, has triple the mass of the nucleus of ordinary hydrogen |
| 9. Ion pair | i) any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges |
| 10. Heavy ion | j) isotope of hydrogen with atomic weight of approximately 2. Its nucleus, consisting of one proton and one neutron, has double the mass of the nucleus of ordinary hydrogen |
Match the verbs (1-10) with their synonyms (a-j).
1 differ a) vary
2 refer b) concern
3 use c) apply
4 exist d) subsist
5 research e) study
6 associate f) couple
7 contain g) comprise
8 complete h) conclude
9 retrieve i) recover
10 extend j) widen
11 verify k) examine
Translate the sentences below paying attention to the underlined patterns. Make up sentences of your own using these patterns.
1. In one way or another but you have to fulfill the experiment.
2. The Newton’s law of cooling isn’t shifted from year to year.
3. The professor doesn’t stir a finger to help students in integrating over the entire surface.
4. The professor set his hopes on these students.
5. The students gave all their attention to computerized method.
3.5. Mind the translation of „one" before the Modal Verbs.
One can (may) use... - можно использовать...
One could (might) use... - можно было бы использовать
One must (should, ought to) use... - надо (следует) использовать
One can't (mustn't) use - нельзя использовать
One needn't use - не надо использовать
1. One can use an alternative method to acquire additional information.
2. One must point out the shortcomings of the theory and make an effort to remove them.
3. One shouldn't exaggerate the danger of the experiment.
4. One might assume the arrangement is designed properly.
5. One needn't conceal (скрывать) the figures revealing the actual state of affairs in this case.
6. One ought to take into account harmful (вредный) effects of the environmental conditions.
7. One may extend the measurements to determine the interaction radius.
8. One can't rely upon the efficiency of a new technique for it is far from being ideal.
3.6. Retell the text “Isotopes”. Use the following as phrase-openings:
Ø I would like to tell/say/speak …
Ø Let me say some/a few words/ideas about …
Ø I need/have to point out that …
Ø The problem(s) I want to tell about concern(s) …
Ø As far as I know …
Ø Finally/In the end I must/shall mention
LISTENING
1. You are going to listen to the staff report “IAEA Welcomes US Contribution of $50 million to Nuclear Fuel Bank”. Mind the following proper names:
IAEA
George Bush
IAEA Director General Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei
Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
NTI advisor Warren Buffett
Former US Senator Sam Nunn, Co-Chairman of the NTI
Angarsk
2. Listen to the staff report “IAEA Welcomes US Contribution of $50 million to Nuclear Fuel Bank”. Note only the essential details of what you hear:
1. The IAEA …
2. US President George Bush …
3. Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei said that …
4. The US contribution …
5. Former US Senator Sam Nunn, Co-Chairman of the NTI …
6. An IAEA-controlled fuel bank …
7. The law signed on 26 December …
8. The concept of a multilateral LEU supply bank …
9. A Russian proposal …
10. A German plan …
11. The establishment of a nuclear fuel supply system …
12. Enriched uranium provides …
3. Listen to the staff report again and complete the gaps in sentences below with the correct word or phrase you hear:
1. The IAEA has recognized a recent _______________ allocation by the US Congress for purposes of a nuclear fuel reserve under the auspices of the Agency.
2. "At the core of such mechanisms will be _______________, under IAEA auspices.
3. I also have welcomed _______________ for a fuel bank under IAEA control and a German initiative calling for the creation of an international enrichment centre, open to participation by all interested States.
4. This contribution was made by _______________ Warren Buffett in September 2006 with the stipulation that one or more IAEA Member States contribute an additional $100 million (or low-enriched uranium [LEU] equal in value) to the reserve.
5. An IAEA-_______________ is essential to reducing global nuclear dangers because the same nuclear enrichment technology that is used to make nuclear reactor fuel can also be used to make material for a nuclear weapon.
6. Assurances of supply of nuclear fuel, including _______________ (or banks), could provide States confidence in obtaining nuclear fuel for electricity generation and protect against disruption of supply for political reasons.
7. The risk of such _______________ could possibly dissuade countries from initiating or expanding nuclear power programmes or create vulnerabilities in the security of fuel supply that might in turn drive States to invest in national uranium enrichment capabilities with possible additional proliferation risks.
8. The plant would be financed by countries who would act _______________ of the plant´s nuclear fuel.
9. As an increasing number of nations plan for the development of _______________, concern has grown over the potential for diversion of nuclear material and technology from peaceful to military use.
10. Providing a _______________ to nations with a burgeoning nuclear power programme eases the economic cost and nuclear weapons-related risks intrinsic with building enrichment capabilities.
4. Listen to the staff report “IAEA Welcomes US Contribution of $50 million to Nuclear Fuel Bank” again and retell it.
PRESENTATION
Make up a presentation “ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF MATTER”
(See appendix 4)
SECTION 2
NUCLIDES
LEAD-IN
