The meaning of a considerable number of phrase idioms and sentence idioms originating in both languages from a common source may sometimes have, unlike absolute equivalents, one or even most of their components different, than in the target language. Hence, the quality of their images is not identical either, though not necessarily their picturesqueness and expressiveness (if any): baker's/printer's dozen ; the devil is not so black as he is painted / , ; a lot of water had flown/run under the bridge ; love is the mother of love ; too much knowledge makes the head bald ; in broad daylight ; as short as a dog's tail , ; as pale as paper , measure twice, cut once , .
The slight divergences in the near equivalents as compared with the source language idioms can manifest themselves also in some other aspects, as for example:
a) in the structure of the target language variant (cf. to make a long story short );
b) in the omission (or adding) of a componental part in the target language (cf. a lot of water had run under the bridge since then );
c) in the substitution of a feature (or image) of the source language phraseological/idiomatic expression for some other (more fitting or traditionally expected) in the target language: as pale as paper ; to know smth. as one knows his ten fingers ' ; everything is good in its season (cf. );
d) in the generalization of the features of the source language idiomatic expression: one's own flesh and bone ;
e) in the concretization of some features of the original: a voice in the wilderness mac ; you can not catch an old bird with chaff ; to follow like St. Anthony's ( ) / .
Similar componental substitutions, both semantic and structural, can be observed in regular standardized collocations and in comparative proverbs or saying as: to do harm ; to do one's duty '; to throw/shed light ; (as) busy as a bee , ; (as) slippery as an eel '; as cool as a cucumber , ; golden opportunity , toshed crocodile's tears .
Therefore, faithful translation may be achieved by different methods. Moreover, it must be evident now that translating by means of loans may refer to any method of rendering phraseologisms/idioms which are or may become regular loans in the target language.
In other words, translation of idiomatic expressions by means of loans does not always fully justify the essence of the term as such.
