Writing
Make a poster about chocolate and how it is used for health around the world. Show your work to your classmates the next lesson.
Write a magazine article about two people who love chocolate. Include imaginary interviews with them. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partner(s).
Revision
1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
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Unit 6. TIME
Vocabulary
Look up the translation of the following words and word combinations in the dictionary:
1) casual (adj) A casual attitude is one that is not very strict.
2) category (n) She writes a list of things to do and then organises them into categories.
3) a chain of supermarkets Julie Rost is chief executive of a chain of supermarkets.
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4) a comfort (n) Lists are a comfort to me because I feel I wont forget things.
5) complain (v) I am writing to complain about the damage caused by your company when they delivered my sofa.
6) confirm (v) We would be grateful if you could confirm your reservation in writing.
7) damage (n) I am writing to complain about the damage caused by your company when they delivered my sofa.
8) disastrous (adj) Disastrous results are results that are very bad.
9) dividing wall (n) An open-plan office is an office without dividing walls.
10) downside (n) The downside of working from home is that I have to phone somebody if I want a chat.
11) effectively (adv) What time of day do you work most effectively?
12) global warming (n) Global warming is damaging the environment.
13) grab (v) He grabbed an envelope and scribbled a list on it.
14) high-powered (adj) A high-powered job is one in which you have a responsible position and are very busy.
15) irregular (adj) I dont mind working irregular hours as I love my job.
16) list-maker (n) There are two types of list-makers: those who make orderly lists and those who write them in a panic!
17) orderly (adj) An orderly list is neat and well-arranged.
18) personal organiser (n) A personal organiser is a book, like a diary, in which you write appointments.
19) rigid (adj) A rigid attitude is the opposite of a casual attitude.
20) scribble (v) He grabbed an envelope and scribbled a list on it.
21) service-oriented (adj) Service-oriented people are people who are interested in customers and their needs.
22) set in (phr v) Some people wait until panic sets in before making a list.
23) set to work on sth Type A makes lists and calmly sets to work on them.
24) sigh with relief (phr) Type B sighs with relief when they have written a list, and then loses it!
25) stress level (n) People with a casual attitude to time-keeping usually have low stress levels.
26) take pride in sth Flight attendants should take pride in their appearance.
27) at the top of the agenda The Global Earth Party puts the environment at the top of the agenda.
Business Letters
1. apply (for) (v) I would like to apply for the position of IT assistant.
2. attend (v) I would be pleased to attend an interview at any time convenient to you.
3. enclose (v) I enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention.
4. for your attention (phr) I enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention.
5. in response to (phr) I am writing in response to your advertisement in The Guardian.
6. I look forward to hearing (phr) I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
7. from you.
8. I would be pleased to... (phr) I would be pleased to attend an interview at any time convenient to you.
9. I would like to apply for...(phr) I would like to apply for the position of IT assistant.
Phrasal verbs
1) calm sb down Making lists is relaxing it calms you down.
2) come up with sth A couple of years Jane Levy came up with a new system.
3) cross sth off If you cross something off a list, you delete it.
4) get by Few people with high-powered jobs get by without lists.
5) put (sth) off If you put something off, you delay it.
6) rely on A lot of people rely on personal organisers in order not to forget things.
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Time Expressions
1) be ahead of schedule If you are ahead of schedule, you are making good time.
2) Better late than never. Better late than never is a proverb meaning that it is better to do something late than not at all.
3) the day after tomorrow Today is Monday the day after tomorrow is Wednesday.
4) the day before yesterday Today is Monday the day before yesterday was Saturday.
5) The early bird catches the worm is a proverb meaning that you do more if you get up early. The early bird catches the worm
6) have time to spare If you have time to spare, you have enough time left to do something.
7) in good time If you are in good time, you are early.
8) in time for We arrived just in time for the beginning of the meeting.
9) in two/three days time Ill give you a call in two or three days time.
10) kill time I arrived early at the airport so killed time by having a cup of coffee.
11) leave something until the last minute Leaving things until the last minute makes you feel stressed.
12) be making good time If you are making good time, you are ahead of schedule.
13) meet deadlines I prefer to meet deadlines in good time.
14) the (Sunday) after next Were having a barbecue the Sunday after next.
15) not have much time left Hurry up! We havent got much time left.
16) one at a time Stop pushing, children! One at a time through the door.
17) prioritise (v) If you prioritise things, you put them in order of importance or in the order in which they need to be done.
18) promptly (adv) If you do something promptly, you do it immediately.
19) punctual (adj) If you are punctual, you always arrive on time for meetings or other appointments.
20) repeatedly (adv) If you do something repeatedly, you do it time and time again.
21) be ruled by the clock I love being on holiday I hate being ruled by the clock.
22) be running out of time If you are running out of time, you do not have much time left to do something.
23) Theres no time like the present. Theres no time like the present is a proverb meaning that the best time to do something is now.
24) time and time again The Global Earth Party have asked the government the same question time and time again.
25) time flies If time flies, it goes very quickly.
26) time-keeping (n) If you have a healthy attitude to time-keeping, you do things on time but your life is not ruled by the clock.
27) time-saving The article on p. 50 is about time-saving tips that help you not to waste time.
28) waste precious time Jane used to write lists, forget where she put them, and then waste precious time looking for them!
29) the weekend before last We went to Paris for two days the weekend before last.
Work
1) extra pay (n) Unfortunately we dont get extra pay for working overtime.
2) flexible hours (n pl) If you work flexible hours, you can start and finish work when you like.
3) have a break (phr)When youre working to a deadline, you cant always find time to have a break.
4) head office (n) He works for an American law firm whose head office is in Washington DC.
5) the lunch hour (n) Sometimes Im so busy I work right through the lunch hour.
6) newsroom (n) A newsroom is an office where journalists work.
7) open-plan office (n) Open-plan offices can be very noisy.
8) qualifications (n pl) You dont have to have any particular qualifications for this job.
9) shift (n) I hate working the night shift!
10) training course (n) You have to go on a training course to be a train driver.
11) work overtime (phr) Unfortunately we dont get extra pay for working overtime.
12) work to a deadline (phr) When youre working to a deadline, you cant always find time to have a break.
13) work unsociable hours (phr) I often work unsociable hours at nights or at weekends.
Supplementary Reading
Job hunting
Resume
An excellent resume may help you get the job of your dreams and a poor resume may mean a lost opportunity.
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Since this is the first piece of information a company will receive about you, it is critically important that your resume be well-written.
It should be presented at the beginning of any interview that you have with a company. Ideally, resume should not be longer than one page.
The contents of a resume can be roughly categorized as: 1) personal information (address and telephone number), 2) job objective, 3) education, 4) experience, 5) skills, 6) extracurricular activities, 7) references.
The resume begins with personal information, name, address, and telephone number centered at the top page.
After your address, a statement of intent or job objective should be written. This objective should be well thought out from the very beginning since it will influence how you will write the rest of the resume. It should not be too general, e.g.: To obtain a managerial position in a Western company.
Think about your job search and career goals carefully; write them down in a way that shows you have given this much thought.
For example: Objective: To obtain a position in telecommunication that will allow me to use my knowledge of engineering and take advantage of my desire to work in sales.
Notice that your desire to have a well-paid job is not included in this statement. A focus on money in your résumés first reference will not make the best impression anywhere in the world.
After the statement of intent, describe your education.
List the universities, institutes and colleges you have attended in reverse chronological order.
Any studying you have done abroad should be included and courses that you have taken that are relevant. I f you graduated with honours, you should definitely include this. A red diploma can be called graduated with honours in English. Do not include your high school.
Your working experience is the next section. List your experience starting with your most recent place of employment and work backwards.
Spell out the exact dates of employment, your position, and the name of the company you worked for.
Provide information about your responsibilities, emphasizing important activities by listing the most relevant to your objective. Do not use complete sentences! List your responsibilities in short statements that do not include the words my or I.
Following experience, you should list your special skills. These include your language skills, computer abilities, and any other talent that relates to your statement of intent.
When describing your language abilities, it is best to be honest about assessing your level., Fluent English, native Russian, intermediate German, beginning French are all ways to describe your language abilities.
Extracurricular activities should be included in the next section. Student or professional organizations you belong to, travel, sports and hobbies should be listed here.
Do not list reading or writing as an activity. It is assumed most people with a higher education do these things regularly.
The last section of your resume is the reference section. List at least two people, not related to you, who can describe your qualification for the job.
Their names, titles, places of work, and telephone numbers should be included. If you do not have space on your resume for this, write Available upon request. You will then be expected to give this information to a prospective employer if it is requested.
The style and format of a resume are extremely important. Your resume must be typed, preferably on a computer in order to format it most effectively. A neat and well-written resume with no spelling mistakes will give an employer the impression that you are accurate and take care of details.
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Exercises on the text:
1. Find English equivalents in the text:
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) , ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) ; 10) ; 11) ; 12) ; 13) ; 14) () ; 15) ( ); 16) ; 17) ; 18) ( ).
2. Fill in the spaces with prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
1. Spell the exact dates of employment.
2. It should be presented the beginning of any interview.
3. It is best to be honest assessing your level.
4. The resume begins Personal information.
5. If you graduated honours, you should definitely include it.
6. Name, address are centered top of the page.
7. Give the full name of the company you worked .
8. The job objective should be well-thought from the very beginning.
9. The resume should be typed a computer.
10. List the places you studied at reverse order.
11. An applicant should take great care details.
12. There are several ways looking a job.
13. If youve chosen the right way, its possible to count success.
Revision
1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
A)
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B)
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18. , ().
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Listening
1. Before listening to the article US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries think and answer the question: Which job should get the highest salary/benefits? Fill in this table. Work with your partner(s) and discuss your results:
| Job | Salary | Holidays | Working hours | Overtime |
| Bank CEO | ||||
| Nations president | ||||
| English teacher | ||||
| Movie star | ||||
| Heart surgeon | ||||
| Farmer |
Student A strongly believes that there should be no limit on CEO salaries; Student B strongly believes it is wrong for a CEO to be paid millions of dollars. Share all pros and cons of the statements with your partner.
3. Match the following synonyms from the article US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries you are going to listen to:
| 1) former | a) led |
| 2) tough | b) resulted in |
| 3) headed | c) cave-in |
| 4) collapse | d) nosedived |
| 5) consequences | e) bulk |
| 6) led to | f) ex |
| 7) targeted | g) effects |
| 8) plummeted | h) tricky |
| 9) majority | i) gone through the roof |
| 10) rocketed | j) singled out |
4. Match the phrases from the article US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
| 1) facing | a) goodbyes |
| 2) million-dollar golden | b) a different set of rules |
| 3) lost their homes in Americas | c) plummeted |
| 4) live in a world where economic | d) are highly overpaid |
| 5) executives seem to live by | e) housing collapse |
| 6) their decisions led to huge, | f) tough questions |
| 7) CEOs were being targeted | g) billion-dollar losses |
| 8) share values | h) from 1980 levels |
| 9) Americans believe their business leaders | i) security is uncertain |
| 10) This figure has rocketed | j) as bad guys |
5. Listen to the article US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries. Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F):
- Lions and tigers in U.S. zoos are to start getting a salary.
- U.S. CEOs were well paid even though their companies did badly.
- Two CEOs got million-dollar leaving gifts from their companies.
- A U.S. politician said all American workers live by the same rules.
- Democrat politicians asked why CEOs always got huge salaries.
- A Republican politician said CEOs were bad guys in business.
- Most Americans think CEO salaries are fair and not too high.
- CEOs earn 600 times more than an average American worker.
6. Listen to the recording once again and reproduce how the words below were used in the article:
1) tough
2) packages
3) late
4) collapse
5) unequal
6) rules
7) focused
8) perform
9) questions
10) plummeted
11) highly
12) levels
Discussion
1. Discuss in pairs:
1. What did you think when you read the headline?
2. What springs to mind when you hear the abbreviation CEO?
3. How does someone become a CEO?
4. What do you think of the CEOs in this article getting millions of dollars, even though their companies lost billions of dollars?
5. Do you think youll ever get a golden goodbye, or a golden hello?
6. What do you know about Americas housing collapse and the credit crunch?
7. Do you think America is an unequal society?
8. Do people in your country live by different sets of rules?
9. Do you think there should be a limit to how much someone can earn?
10. Did you like reading this article?
11. Do you think pay should be related to performance for all jobs?
12. Are the CEOs whose companies lost billions of dollars really bad guys?
13. What does a CEO do all day?
14. Do you feel sorry for the CEOs who lost a lot of money when their shares lost value?
15. Who is overpaid in your society?
16. What do you think of the fact that CEOs get paid 600 times more than average workers in America?
17. What questions would you like to ask the CEOs?
Writing
1. Write a magazine article (250-280 words) about two very different people in your society who live by different sets of rules. Correct your partners paper. Read what you wrote to your classmates the next lesson. Write down new words and expressions.
2. Write a letter to a CEO. Ask her/him three questions about her/his job. Give her/him your thoughts on her/his multi-million-dollar salary. Read your letter to your partner(s) next lesson. Your partner(s) will answer your questions.
Relax
1. Read the poem and learn it by heart:
W. H. Davies
Leisure
What is this life if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
No time to stand beneath the boughs
And stare as long as sheep or cows.
No time to see, when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.
No time to see, in broad daylight,
Streams full of stars, like skies at night.
No time to turn at Beauty's glance,
And watch her feet, how they can dance.
No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began.
A poor life this if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
