.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





α1 α2, , 1 1 , .

. : BD = 427,14 , 1 = 175 ,

α1 = 430 30/, α2 = 700 00/.

.

R1 = 222,60 1 = 338,00 L1 = 169,00 . 1 = 196,96 1 = 2 * .

2 = 427,14 1 = 427,14 175,00 = 252,14 .

I- [2] α2 = 700 00/

= 134,653.

= 252,14 = 1,872.
134,653

, :

R2 = 100 * 1,872 = 187,2 .

L 2 = 122,173 * 1,872 = 228,71 .

2 = 110,532 * 1,872 = 206,92 ..

:

1 - 1 = 1.

1 + 1 = 1.

1 + 2 = 2.

1 ( 2) + 2 = 2.

 

 

. α1 = 550 00/ α2 = 700 00/, 1 = 2 =100 , BD = 300 , .

/ 1 = / 2 = 300 1 = 300 100 = 200 .

I- [2] α1 = 550 00/

= 101,569 .

= 100,00 = 0,984
101,569

, , :

R1 = 100 * 0,984 = 98,4 .

L 1 = 95,993 * 0,984 = 94,46 .

1 = 97,976 * 0,984 = 96,41 .

I- [2] α2 = 700 00/ = 134,653 .

= 200,00 = 1,485
134,653

, , :

R2 = 100 * 1,485 = 148,50 .

L 2 = 122,173 * 1,485 = 181,43 .

2 = 110,532 * 1,485 = 164,14 ..

1, :

1 - 1= 1.

1 + 1 = 1.

1 + 2 = 2.

1 ( 2) + 2 = 2.

 

.

β (1), (2), .. 2 1, β2 β1, α = β1 + β2

β1 = β2 .

, β1 β2 = 1 + 2 1- (1) :

- / 1 / 2

-

Rmin = 100*
/ 1 + / 2

- 1- (1) Rmin / 100

- Rmin / 100

- = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 - L 1 - L 2

- = L 1 + L 2

-

Z1 = Sin β2 * ( 1 + 2)
Sin α

 

1 = 1 + Sin β2 * ( 1 + 2)
Sin α

 

2 = 2 + Sin β1 * ( 1 + 2)
Sin α

β1

β1 + Z1   β1 - 1 +

 

. : β1 = 150 00/, β2 = 220 30/, = 80,0

. 1- (2) β1 = 150 00/ / 1 = 17,568, / 1 = 35,033

L/ 1 = 52,360, / 1 = 72,360 ..

. 1- (2) β2 = 220 30/ / 2 = 26,571, / 2 = 52,789

L/ 2 = 78,540, / 2 = 87,623 ..

 

Rmin = 100* = 100 * 80 = 181,25
/ 1 + / 2 17,568+26,571

1 = / 1 * R = 17,568 * 1,812 = 31,83
 

 

1 = / 1 * R = 35,033 * 1,812 = 63,48
 

 

L 1 = L/ 1 * R = 52,360 * 1,812 = 94,88
 

..

:

2 = / 2 * R = 26,571 * 1,812 = 48,15
 

 

2 = / 2 * R = 52,789 * 1,812 = 95,65
 

 

L 2 = L/ 2 * R = 78,540 * 1,812 = 142,31
 

..

= 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 - L 1 - L 2 =

= 63,48 + 31,83 + 48,15 + 95,65 - 94,88 - 142,31 = 1,92

= L 1 + L 2 = 94,88 + 142,31 = 237,19

4.9.

.8

. α1 = 390 10/, α2 = 620 00/ 1 = 200, 2 = 290, 2/ = 200 . 410 . 1/ = 410 290 = 120

.

- 2 / 1 = 290 / 200 = 1,45

- ( 4) α1 = 390 10/ β1 = 80 30/

- β2 = α1 β1 = 390 10/ - 80 30/ = 300 40/

- 1- β1 = 80 30/ : 1 = 0,19803, 1 = 0,09911

β2 = 300 40/, 2 = 0,72466, 2 = 0,36685

- sin β1 = 0,1478, sin β2 = 0,5100, sin α1 = 0,6316

- Rmin (11.12):

R = 1 =
t 1 + sin β2 / sin α1* (1 + 2)
=   = 348,3 = 348,0
0,19803 + 0,510 / 0,6316 * (0,0991+0,36685)

- β1, (11.13):

 

R = 2 =
t 2 + sin β1 / sin α1 * (1 + 2)
=   = 347,85 = 348,0
0,72466 + 0,1478 / 0,6316 * (0,0991+0,36685)

 

, , , , , β1 .

R = 348 β1 = 80 30/ 1- :

L1 = 29,671*3,48 = 103,26

1 = 54,471*3,48 = 189,56 ..

R = 348 β2 = 300 40/ 1- :

L2 = 107,047*3,48 = 372,52

2 = 103,463*3,48 = 360,05 ..

β1 = 80 30/ ( 4) β1 = 80 00/ 351,8, - 345,4, β1

β2 R2 / 100

1/ 2/ 2/ / 1/

 

4.10.

 

.9

: α1 = 770 00/, 1 = 90, 2 = 150 BD = 400, α2 = 600 00/ 1/ = 400 150 = 250 2/ = 180 .

.

, ,

2 / 1 = 150 / 90 = 1,67 . 11.4 β1

β2 = α1 β1 1- (11.12)

R1 , L1, 1, L2, 2

1/ / 2/ = 250 / 180 = 1,39 α2 = 600 00/

(.11.4) β1/

β2/ = α2 β1/

1- β1/ β2/ R2

, , .

4.11. II V

2000 II - IV . , ( ), . , L

II V , ρ = 2000. , R = 600 6%.

, 600 .

. 10

, L

R 600

L = 2 - 2
   

 

R 600

L = L - 2
 

 

L = L - 2
 

 

R :

l0 = 2
 

 

 

. , :

R = 348 , 1 = 189,56, L1 = 103,26

, L

L = 2 - 2 = 189,562 - 189,562 = 41,92
       

 

:

l0 = 2 = 189,562 = 17,97
   

 

L = L - 2 = 103,26 - 189,562 = 43,37
   

 

( ) , . .

0,3% i, II 0,5%, III - IV 1%.

i :

 

i = b * (i1 + i)
 
L

b

i1

i

L

 

i .

- i 0,3%. , ,

i = 0,3%.

:

=   b * i1
0,003

, l = L - C . l :

il = (i i1) * Δl + i1
l

Δl

 

- i 0,3%, i.

, , :

= 2 * L * i1
i1 + i

:

il = (i + i1) * Δl - i1
L

Δl

 

- i i.

. :

l = b * (i1 + i)
 
i

 

 





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