̳
:
(- ):
- 1
. .
:
..., ..
..
² 2014
ֲ
(, , ), : , , .
10 :
.
.
:
2.1. .
2.2. .
, : , , ', , , , 䳿.
ANNOTATION
In a course project the detailed analysis of international trade is conducted between the set countries (USA, Braziliya,Ekvador), which consists of three sections: general description of the probed countries, research of tendencies of the mutual trading in commodities and services, analysis of unpoint-of-sale international relations, and conclusions and suggestions are resulted in relation to the methods of improvement international cooperation between these countries.
In the first section the results of analysis of the collected information are given on the basic indexes of economic development of the set countries for the last 8 years after such directions:
* Geographical location and material well-being natural resources.
* Demographic indicators.
* Basic macroeconomic indexes.
In the second section on the basis of the conducted researches the dynamics of change of indexes of mutual trade of the set countries is presented according to plan:
* Dynamics of indexes of general export and import.
* Tendencies of change of indexes of mutual trade.
The unpoint-of-sale international relations of the set countries are described in the third section, namely: international technical cooperation, general participating in international organizations, participating in integration ob''ednannyakh, general economic, ecological, political, public and other events.
|
|
̲
2
..4
1. 텅..5
2. 腅8
3. 텅. 11
腅.12
腅.. 17
ᒺ . . : ( ), .- (), , . ( ) : ( 6000$), (2400$-6000$), (800$ - 2400$), ( 800$). : , , .
ʳ ղ . ̳ . 30- .. : (). ̳ , . :
* ( , );
* - ;
* ;
- . . ᔺ, . :
* . , . (, , )
* , , ᔺ (, ).
, -, -, .
ᔺ : , , , . 䳺 . : ) (, , /); ) (). ᔺ : , , ; (, ).
1) ; 2) , . , ; 3) -; 4) - ; 5) . , -; 6) . - , ; : , , - , -, , TV, , .
: , 䳿 - . ᔺ , . , . . : , , , - , - .
1.
|
|
1.1 ( , , , , , , , ).
1.1.
. . | 603 628 | 312 6793 | 238 392 | |
. . | 603 628 | 312 6793 | 238 392 | |
- | - . , , , , . ϳ . . | : , ( ) , , , ͳ. | - . , , ᳺ, . . , ϳ , , , . | |
* | - | ' , , , , , , ' , , . | , , , , , , , , , , , , . | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . |
** | .. | , , ³, , , ), ( -, . , ), ( , ̳, , , ) (. , ). , - . ( ϳ ϳ , , , , -, , -), . ( , ̳, , ). (˳-). = 30 . 38 , - , ϳ.- , ϳ. . . 75% . 3 : -- ( ), ( ) .³ 2250 | , (1.1 ) (230 3). ³ . 150 . -, -, , , ѳ-, . . 2 . (25% ). (25 ) -- . ̳-. = 262 ., 7,8% (5). . . --, - . - 1.19 ; . = 0.141%. 6 , 4 ( 1.5%), - (. Ni 0.223%, Ta - 0.028%), , , . = 195 , - 343 . . | 5 - ,, = 300, - - . -=16 /. (12 - ), 350 ., . 12 .. , (9 /) (16 /). ̳ - - -- , 430 . ).-. 1,9% 3,2% - . 385.9 . , 0.028-0.032%. |
0 , -, . 14000 , - ., 5 . - 300 (--, -, ӿ, ̳-) 500 . 3 (--, --), . 200 ( 30-300 30-500 3), . 400 ( 10-30 10-30 3 ). . . 60 . 35 ., 50 50 3 , 36 30% - . , ϳ. . 600 ., . . 43% 39% ' , 20% 16% , 37% 45% . . 60% 45% . 3 . - . . , , , , - - . . , ϳ.-. . ϳ. . (US Potential Gas Committee) 1.01.1999 . 25.36 .3 ( 1.01.1997 . 26.06 .3). , , , 4 .3. : 7513.6 3; 5484.5 3; 4245 3; (̳) 3455.4 3; 2940.4 3; 1052.8 3. . (EIA), 2001 . ( ) 644 . .. 101.26 . ., 463.55 ., 79.24 .. 31%. . = 7.55 P2O5. 6.1% . 95% - ( , ϳ. ϳ. ) ( , , , ). ' . . | . (. ---, ) = 15.8 , , - (. , . ) - 10 , ---5.8 ., ̳ - - ̳-. -- ( 1700 , 800 ) (- 2400 , 1600 ). . - - , ʳ, . ͳ. 75% . (. ͳ); . ., (. ). г - (, , , ) - -, -. , -. = 300 (~ 0,6% ). . . 35% - (. 700 .).ͳ, , . ̳- , . = 200 , 0.5 40 . Nb2O5 2.5%. - . . : - (. -), (. , , ), . . . -̳ ( 300 ). : -, , , , , , , , . , , - , - ̳ (- ij), . | 0.028-0.032%. -. -- ' - . - ( 3 . WO3). ( 30 . )-, ' ᳺ . : , , , , , ,. |
1.2. ( , , , ).
|
|
|
|
1.2.
2004-2010.
. | 46,9 | 46,4 | 46,0 | 45,6 | 45,4 | 173,34 | 175,62 | 177,79 | 182,24 | 12,071 | 13,178 | 15,23 | 16,08 | |||
ʳ - | . | 401,59 | 349,22 | 303,67 | 264,06 | 142,31 | 144,18 | 145,97 | 149,62 | 9,91 | 10,82 | 12,01 | 12,86 | |||
г | % | 15,94 | 13,18 | 10,89 | 9,01 | 9,03 | 9,5 | 9,89 | 10,1 | 11,2 | 10,87 | 10,65 | 9,7 | |||
1 . | -12,83 | -13,04 | -13,14 | -13,24 | 1,3 | 1,317 | 1,24 | 2,5 | 9,23 | 9,17 | 10,93 | 7,13 | ||||
: - | .. | 25,4 | 25,1 | 24,9 | 24,6 | 24,5 | 83,73908 | 84,84202 | 85,89406 | 88,04141 | 5,468185 | 5,969634 | 6,622115 | 7,094272 | ||
- | 270,35052 | 21,1 | 21,0 | 20,9 | 89,59786 | 90,77798 | 91,90362 | 94,20122 | 6,602863 | 7,208366 | 7,99624 | 8,566372 | ||||
21,5 | 21,3 | |||||||||||||||
69,3 | 72,75 | 76,4 | 68,25 | 71,66 | 75,25 | 66,3 | 67,63 | 68,98 |
1.3. ( (), (), , , , ).
2. 1.3
3. 2004-2010 .
. . | 10297,49075 | 11622,45006 | 13117,88946 | 14624,18 | 454,816 | 591,82 | 716,1022 | 53,8432 | 60,16 | 61,3632 | 62,590464 | ||
. . | 10040,053 | 11331,889 | 12789,942 | 14258,576 | 443,4456 | 454,35 | 577,0245 | 698,1996 | 47,1128 | 52,64 | 53,6928 | 54,76666 | |
. | 22,282303 | 28,921725 | 37,539485 | 48,127544 | 2,623884 | 2,653456 | 3,328615 | 3,929389 | 4,460524 | 4,565184 | 4,197681 | 3,996672 | |
. . | 7784,90301 | 8786,572247 | 9917,124 | 11055,8801 | 12,12778 | 12,426 | 14,92363 | 17,92327 | 38,92863 | 43,49568 | 44,36559 | 45,25291 | |
% | 14,448 | 12,564 | 10,925 | 9,5 | 9,5 | 8,7 | 7,97 | 7,3017 | 5,7507 | 7,792 | 10,56 | 12,6 |
4. , 8 :
|
|
5. 1.1. ( , , , , , , ).
6. 1.2. ( , , , , , , , ).
7. 1.3. ( (), (), , , ).
8. , , 볿 , , .
2.
2.1. ( ), (. 2.1).
2.1
2004-2010 ., . .
1321,82 | 1401,1292 | 1485,197 | 87,98695 | 96,68896 | 106,2516 | 116,76 | 6,830487 | 7,50603 | 8,071 | 9,224 | ||
56,091 | 61,63834 | 69,25656 | 79,06 | 5,687036 | 6,559442 | 7,403434 | 8,436 | |||||
2229,82 | 2309,1292 | 2393,197 | 144,0778 | 158,3273 | 175,5082 | 195,82 | 12,51752 | 14,06547 | 15,47443 | 17,66 | ||
- | 413,82 | 493,1292 | 577,19695 | 31,89606 | 35,05062 | 36,99504 | 37,7 | 1,143451 | 0,946588 | 0,667566 | 0,788 | |
, ... | 687346,4 | 728587,18 | 772302,42 | 45753,21 | 50278,26 | 55250,83 | 60715,2 | 3551,853 | 3903,136 | 4196,92 | 4796,48 | |
... | 24119,08 | 26504,49 | 29780,32 | 33995,8 | 2445,426 | 2820,56 | 3183,476 | 3627,48 | ||||
- * ... | 75867,48 | 87292,993 | 93987,747 | 99627,012 | 4987,1 | 5480,33 | 6022,341 | 6617,957 | 103,0037 | 113,1909 | 121,7107 | 139,0979 |
160431,8 | 128454,76 | 173745,8 | 173745,8 | 9768,228 | 10734,32 | 12061,03 | 13768,3 | 1088,214 | 1255,149 | 1416,647 | 1614,229 |
: * 峳
2.2. (. 2.2).
2.2
2004-2010 ., . .
2004 . | 32,688 | 11,804 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 37,91808 | 13,69264 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 43,98497 | 15,88346 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 51,02257 | 18,42482 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 3,8538284 | 1,935713 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 4,2349763 | 2,127157 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 4,6538201 | 2,337535 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 5,114088 | 2,56872 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 0,0478134 | 0,218576 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 0,0525422 | 0,240193 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 0,056497 | 0,258272 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 0,064568 | 0,295168 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 3,853828 | 0,047813 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 4,234976 | 0,052542 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 4,65382 | 0,056497 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 5,114088 | 0,064568 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 32,688 | 0,218576 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 37,91808 | 0,240193 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 43,984973 | 0,258272 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 51,022568 | 0,295168 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 11,804 | 1,935713 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 13,69264 | 2,127157 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 15,883462 | 2,337535 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 18,424816 | 2,56872 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 36,54183 | 11,85181 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 42,15306 | 13,74518 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 48,63879 | 15,93996 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 56,13666 | 18,48938 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 36,541828 | 2,154288 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 42,153056 | 2,36735 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 48,638793 | 2,595807 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 56,136656 | 2,863888 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 11,851813 | 2,154288 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 13,745182 | 2,36735 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 15,939959 | 2,595807 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 18,489384 | 2,863888 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | 28,83417 | 11,75619 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | 33,6831 | 13,6401 | ||||||||||||
2008. | 39,33115 | 15,82697 | ||||||||||||
2010. | 45,90848 | 18,36025 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | -28,834172 | 1,717137 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | -33,6831 | 1,886964 | ||||||||||||
2008. | -39,33115 | 2,079263 | ||||||||||||
2010. | -45,90848 | 2,273552 | ||||||||||||
2004 . | -11,756187 | -1,71714 | ||||||||||||
2006 . | -13,6401 | -1,88696 | ||||||||||||
2008. | -15,82697 | -2,07926 | ||||||||||||
2010. | -18,36025 | -2,27355 |
3.
(. ) : , , , , , , , , 77, г, , , ̳ , ̳ , , Ͳ, , , , , , ̳ , ̳ , ̳ , , , , , , , , , .
- , (), ̳ (ʲ). , 볺 - (). в--, . , . .
. ̳ . , . , , - . , ʳ, , , . 20042005 ' .
³ , , - , , ͳ, 䳺 .
³ , ; -, ; 3- . -, , . , , . -, . .
[Index of Economic Freedom, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. 2001]: (1999) $ 8500 . (1999) 4%. (1999) $ 31201. (1999) $ 119 . (1999) .. , ' $ 1100 . (.. 19,2%; 12,0%; 10,0%; 8,0%; ͳ 5,4%). (1999) .. , ( , , , , , ' , , ) $ 905 . (.. 23,0%; 12,0%; 8,3%; 5,5%; ͳ 5,4%).
. , , , . 1995 16,4 . , 1,58 . 4,4 . . . 1995 807 . ., - 853 . ., 14,5 . . . 1995 250 . . 1,6% , 85% . , , ( ). . . 500 .
. 25% 㳿 ( ), , - . 㳿 . 20% ( , ) . 㳿 - , . 1980- 1990- . 1921 . 1980, 1997 - 2918 . .
㳿 2823 (1991). 1996 35% 㳿, - 22,5%, - 21%. 㳿 , , (57%), 9% 2%. 11% 㳿. 㳿 1970- , 1982 12,5%, 1996 - 22%. 㳿 2000 .: - 39%, - 23%, 23%, - 15%.
: " " ("General Electric"), "ѳ" ("Citigroup"), " " ("Exxon Mobil"), " " ("Bank of America"), "" ("IBM"), " " ("American Telegraph and Telephone Group"), "-" ("Wall-Mart"), "ѳ '" ("SBC communications").
Գ. ϳ , , . , , . - . 1997 9143 5 . ( 548 . . ). 1985 14 417 ( 1997) 3,7 . ( 254 . . ). . 1996 , , 19%. 886 ., , , - 247 ., - 136 . () . , 14- . , . , , . , . 1980- - 1990- , , - .
- ϳ , , . - 76 . ., = 7,4 . -. - 8,5 . .2 1999 171 853 . . - , 23 , 3 . - . - . - .
- , 26 , , - . - . ; , , , , .. . : , , , , , , , , '.
³ " " () "" . , 3-4% (: 1998 -1999 . - , 2001 , - , , ). 2004 . -466 . . - - 1,4%.
볿' 175 . : 100 97.3 . - 81,2%. - 38 1000 . - 64 - 72 . 볿: -5-5%, 38%, 6%, 1%. ³ 80% 90% 볿 - .
, ϳ , ᳺ, , ; 270670 . . , .
, 30% . . 1% 40% , 10% 10% . , , , (). , , . , . , , , , .
, , . 1972 , 16 . .
, . , , . ʳ, . 45% 㳿 , . ( ) . .
, : , , , , , , , , . , , .
³ , - . , , , , . , . , :
, , ;
.
- , , ( ), , , .
, , :
, ;
;
;
- ( ͳ, ).
, , , , , .
- . ( .. ) , , , .
, , . , :
, , . , , ( - );
;
;
, .
, , ( , , ).
, .
, , , .
, .
, , () .
. . - , 볺 .
. , , . , . .
( ) , . , , [9].
, , - , ( , ), ,