.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


 

 

, - , .

, " ( )", , , .

, , .

Q: . ?

: . II, 1095, , .

, , , " " .

", , [ ] , . ," II . " , . , .

" , ."

. , , . .

Q: ?

: - , .

, 638 , .

60 Amorium; Iconium , .

, , .

, . jizya .

, Constantinople . 937, , .

1004, Fatimid, 'al-- -, , , . 10 30 000 , , , .

1009, al-- , , , . 1056, 300 .

Seljuk 1077, Seljuk , , 3 000 .

- , , . , .

100 , 13- , , , . .

1099.

, . , mongering .

- , , . , , .

, , , , , , . - , , .

, . . , .

1148 . 1268, Mamluk Antioch , Baybars , , , .

Constantinople 29 1453, , , " , , , ."

, - , II . .

, , II , . , Washington Post " , II , , Constantinople, ."

, II . , 12 2000, " ."

: " , , . , , , ."

- .

Q: ?

: , , . , , .

, , , .

Q: , ?

: , - , . .

, .

- , , - , , , , Frankish .

-, " ," " ."

. 8 2002 , - -, " , , , [] , , , ."

, , , 2004, , " ": " , - , ," .

, " , ."

. , "", .

, ; , ; , , , .

 

 

:

 

http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/zaftcrus.HTM

 

 



<== | ==>
| (1876-1909)
:


: 2016-03-26; !; : 202 |


:

:

80% - .
==> ...

1392 - | 1243 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.012 .