, , , . ( ).
. 85. * 1, , Q 1, 2, , Q 2, = Q 1 Q 2.
(56.2) 1, Q 2 = 0, . . , . Tax, . . . (1796 1832) , , .
, , . , , 1 . 1018 , 1 1024 , 1014 . , , 1010, !
, , , . 86. 2 Q 2 1 Q 1. , (56.1), Q=A, , , Q = Q 2 Q 1< 0, < 0 Q 2 Q 1= , Q 1 = Q 2 + A, . . Q 1, T 1 Q 2, T 2, , . , . , .
, . . , , . . .
, , : , (T 1) (T 2), . . . ; . . . , (T 1) (T 2), (, ), .
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, . . , , .
. 87, 1 2 34, 2 3 41. U= const, , (54.4), Q 1, , 12, 1 2:
(59.1)
2 3 23 (. (55.1) (55.8)):
Q 2, , 34:
(59.2)
, ,
, , , . 87. . . . , (56.2),
(55.5) 2 3 41,
(59.3)
(59.1) (59.2) (56.2) (59.3),
(59.4)
. . . . . . .
. , . , , , , .
. (59.4),
(59.5)
. . 1 T 2 , , . (59.5) , . , , - . , , , , .