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1. Methods of Phonetic and Phonological Analysis of the Sound Matter of English.
2. Types of Phonetics. Phonetic and Phonology. Their Interrelated and Interdependent Character.
3. The Articulatory spect of Sound Phenomena.
4. Articulatory, Acoustic, Auditory and functional Aspect of Speech Sound.
5. The Vowel Phoneme System of English (he Number of Phonemes. Relevant and Irrelevant Features on the Articulatory Level).
6. The Consonant Phoneme System of English (The Number of Phonemes. Relevant and Irrelevant Features on the Articulatory Level).
7. Types of Phonemes (Vowels, Consonants, Sonorants), their Articulatory and Acoustic Characteristics.
8. Methods of Identifying the Phoneme.
9. Modifications of Phonemes in Speech. (Accomodation, Assimilations, Elision, Reduction).
10. Segmental and Supracegmental Phonetics and Phonology.
11. Syllable as a Phonetic and Phonological Unit.
12. Syllable Formation in English.
13. Theories of Syllable Formation and Syllable Division.
14. Word Stress in English. Its Phonetic Nature and Linguistic Functions.
15. Types of Word Stress.
16. Structure of English Intonation.
17. The Concepts of Intonation and Prosody.
18. Prosodic Units.
19. Intonation of English. Its Phonetic Nature and Linguistic Functions. Components and Units of Intonation.
20. Rhythm of English.
21. Phonostylistics as a New Branch of Phonetics.
22. Phonetic Styles and their Classification.
23. Variants of English Pronunciation.
24. American English Pronunciation.
25. Non- received British Pronunciation (Northern, Scottish, Welsh).
1. Lexicology, its branches and connection with other linguistic sciences. The theoretical and practical value of lexicology.
2. Morphological structure of English word. Morphemes, their definition and types. Classification of morphemes. Principles of morphemic analysis.
3. General notion of the system of the English vocabulary. The volume of vocabulary, its use. The notion of lexical system. Changes of the English vocabulary. Neologisms. Archaisms.
4. Etymological characteristics of the English vocabulary. The word-stock of English. Borrowing, its classification. Latin and French borrowings. Assimilation of borrowings. Etymological doublets. International words.
5. General problems of the theory of the word. The problem of definition of the word. The problem of the sameness of the word. The problem of the motivation of the word.
6. The word-building system of English. General characteristics of the word-building system of English. Affixation. Compounding (composition). Conversion. Shortening. Blending. Back-formation.
7. The problem of meaning. The structural meaning, types of meaning. Lexical and grammatical meaning. Denotation and connotation. Componental structure of meaning. Lexical meaning and Notion. Polycemy. Semantic change.
8. Synonyms and antonyms. Criteria and definition of synonym. Types and sources of synonym. Synonyms and conversives. Types of antonymic context.
9. Phraseology. Criteria and definition of phraseology. Classification of phraseological units. Origin of set-expressions. Proverbs and phrasal units. The give up problem. Idioms and fixed expressions. Similes and binomials. Stylistic differentiation of the English Vocabulary. Lexical layers. Standard English. The formal layer. The informal layer.
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10. Regional varieties of the English Vocabulary. The world of English. Varieties and dialects of English. American English. Canadian, Australian, Indian varieties of English.
11. Lexicography. Types of dictionaries.
orphology
- Language as a many sided phenomenon; the problem of its definition; the levels of language and the relations between them; the position of grammar in the structure of language; the three aspects in the study of language; general characteristic of the grammatical structure of the English language.
- The notion of grammatical category and its types; opposition and its types; neutralization and transposition; the functional semantic category and its structure.
- The problem of part of speech in Modern English. Diagnostic criteria for parts of speech (logical-semantic, morphological, functional).
- The cognitive-discursive approach to the parts of speech; notional and functional words and the borderline between them; the field (prototypical) structure of parts of speech.
- Notional parts of speech. The noun, the adjective, the verb and their main characteristic features.
- The verb as a part of speech and its main characteristic features. The category of mood.
- The verb as a part of speech and its main characteristic features. The category of voice.
- The verb as a part of speech and its main characteristic features. The category of tense.
- The verb as a part of speech and its main characteristic features. The category of aspect.
- The noun as a part of speech and its main characteristic features. The category of number.
- The noun as a part of speech and its main characteristic features. The category of case (morphological and syntactic approaches).
- The pronoun as a part of speech and its specific features. The pronoun classification.
- The article and its relation to the parts of speech. The zero article issue. Status of the article. Morphological, syntactic and semantic features of the article.
- The adverb as a part of speech and its specific features; subclasses of adverbs, the interaction of the adverbs with the other parts of speech.
- The adjective as a part of speech and its specific features; subclasses of adjectives, the interaction of the adjectives with the other parts of speech.
Syntax
- The problem of the sentence definition and its level belonging. The main categories of the sentence: predicativity, modality, negation (in general).
- Predicativity: its role in the sentence; types of predication: primary vs. secondary; explicit vs. implicit predication.
- Modality: its heterogeneous nature; the two types of modality; the culture- and gender-sensitive character of modality.
- Negation and its types: complete vs. partial; grammatical vs. lexical; explicit vs. implicit; direct vs. transferred negation; negation and the communicative type of the sentence; the specific features of negation in English.
- Classification of the sentences according to the structure. The notions of valency and the structural minimum and the elementary sentence.
- The semantic aspect of the sentence: the notion of the semantic structure of the sentence; the semantic types of sentences; the relations between the formal (surface) and the semantic (deep) structures of the sentence.
- Classification of sentences according to the purpose of communication; the problem of exclamatory sentence.
- The actual division of the sentence; the central notions of the AD: the theme and the rheme; means of expressing the components of AD.
- The general characteristic of the parts of the sentence; the relations between parts of the sentence and parts of speech, parts of the sentence and semantic actants.
- The definition of the phrase and the main problems in the study of phrases; the problem of phrase classification.
- Nominalization and its functions in the language; grammatical means of expressing syntactic relations between the components of the phrase.
- The nature of the composite sentence; the peculiarities of the structural, semantic and communicative aspects of the composite sentence; the types of the composite sentence.
- The compound sentence; the semantic relations between the components of a compound sentence; the semicompound sentence.
- The general characteristic of the complex sentence; different approaches to the classification of subordinate clauses; the classification of subordinate clauses on the functional level; semicomplex sentence.
- The grammar of the text.
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1. The object and the subject of stylistics. Expressive means and stylistic devices. Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices (onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance).
2. Functional style. The varieties of language. Layers in the word-stock of the English language. Standard English Vocabulary. Main subgroups of special literary vocabulary and of special colloquial vocabulary?
3. The main functions in the use of terms, archaic and poetic words, barbarisms and foreignisms, professionalisms and jargonisms, nonce-words, dialectal and vulgar words. Main characteristics of slang.
4. Sound-instrumenting. Gaphon. The graphical changes of writing.
5. SDs based on the use of the logical (denotation) meaning of a word.
6. Metaphor and metonymy.
7. Pun and zeugma.
8. Irony. What lexical meaning is employed in its formation?
9. Antonomasia, its formation.
10. Antonomasia..
11. The formation of epithet.
12. Semantic types of epithets.
13. Structural types of epithet.
14. Hyperbole.
15. Understatement and hyperbole.
16. Rhetorical question.
17. Types of repetition.
18. Parallel constructions.
19. Chiasmus.
20. Syntactical SDs.
21. Types of inversion.
22. Suspense, its function.
23. Detachment.
24. Types of connecting syntactical units.
25. Asyndeton and polysyndeton.
26. Attachment.
27. Antithesis and parallel constructions.
28. Climax and its types.
29. A simile and a simple comparison. Semantic poles of a simile. The key of the simile. The main functions of a simile.
30. Litotes. What is there in common between litotes and understatement?
31. Semantic types of periphrasis. The main stylistic functions of periphrases.
32. The scientific style.
33. The official style.
34. The peculiarities of the newspaper style.
35. The main features of the publicist style.
36. The status of belles-lettres style among other functional styles.
37. Principles of Foregroundings (definition, their difference from stylistic devices).
38. Principles of Foregroundings (coupling, its stylistic function).
39. Convergence, its stylistic function in the text.
40. Defeated expectancy, its stylistic function in the text.
41. Silent features of the text.
42. The principles of oncomplete representation, poetic detail.
43. Thematic repetition (thematic set), key words.
44. Principles of structural cohesion (analogy and contrast).
45. Principles of structural cohesion (recurrence).
46. Principles of structural cohesion (literary time).
47. Types of narration (authors narrative, entrusted narrative and dialogue).
48. Types of narration (interior speech, stream-of-consciousness technique).
49. Types of narration (represented speech uttered and unuttered)
50. Compositional forms (narrative proper, description and argumentation)
- Subject and aims of History of English.
- Germanic group of languages: modern and old and their classification.
- Principal features of Germanic languages.
- The periods in the history of English. The Old English period.
- The periods in the history of English. The Middle English period.
- The periods in the history of English. The Early New English and Modern English periods.
- The system of vowels in OE. Phonetic processes in the system of OE vowels.
- The system of consonants in OE. Phonetic processes in the system of OE consonants.
- The OE noun.
- The OE pronoun.
- The OE adjective.
- General characteristics of the OE verb.
- Morphological classification of the verbs.
- OE syntax.
- OE vocabulary (borrowings, word formation).
- The sound system in ME. Phonetic processes in the system of ME vowels and consonants.
- The sound system in NE. Phonetic processes in the system of NE vowels and consonants.
- Changes in the system of nouns in ME and NE.
- Changes in the system of pronouns in ME and NE.
- Changes in the system of adjectives in ME and NE.
- Changes in the system of verbs in ME and NE.
- Non-finite forms of the verb in ME and NE.
- Changes in syntax in ME and NE.
- The development of the vocabulary in ME.
- The development of the vocabulary in NE.
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8. Rastorguyeva T.A. A History of English. M.: Vysshaia shkola, 1983.
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1. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle www.lonestar.texas.net/~jebbo/ asc/frame.html
2. Labyrinth Library. Old English Pages www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/library /oe/oe .html (by volume Krapp & Dobbi. The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records)
3. Complete translation of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle by James Ingram www.//sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Anglo/
4. Modern English Translation of Bedes Ecclesiastical History www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede
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