, , F, , , 䳺 . , , . .
(. 34.3, ) max. l , F , . 34.3, .
pm = pF + p = F/(bl) + 6M/(bl)2 ≤ [ρ]. (1)
Pmin = pF p = F/(bl) 6M/(bl)2) > 0. (2)
(. 34.3, ) F = 2N sin (α/2), N = 0,5F/sin (α/2).
³ :
pmax = 0,5 [F/(bl) + 6M/(bl2)]/sin (α/2) ≤ [p], (3)
pmin = 0,5 [F/(bl) 6M/(bl2)]/sin (α/2) > 0. (4)
(v < 0,05/) [] = (2... 3), ' []=(5...6) .
(1) (4) , l , . , (. 34.3, ), . l = Pz, z , , , , (1) F1max = maxb = F/z + 6Μ/(z2Ρ), (5)
(2)
F1min = maxb = F/z 6Μ/(z2Ρ) > 0. (6)
F1max . d
σH = ZM ≤ [σ]Η. (7)
ZM = 1700 ()2/3. [σ]Η = (1800...2000) , [σ]Η = (500...600) . (6) (7) , z, Ρ .
IJ
1.
, ' . ' , , .
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' , , , , . , , , . ' , . , 㳿 .
' , . , , , , ' ' .
, ' , . 37. 1. 쳭 Δ0 , Δ, Δα. , .
. .
, . , , .
, . .
= ,
Τ ; , . = 1,0... 1,5, ( , ) = 1,5...2,0. (, ,) = 2,5...3,0.
: , .
. 37.2 . :,, . , , .
( ) , , ( ) ' . .
' . .
, (. 37.3, , ), '. ' , . 쳭 . .
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d ≤ (60...70) . 40, 45, 18, 20. 45, 50.
̳ ' , .
τ = /W = 16T/{πd13 [1 (d/d1)4 ]} ≤ [τ], (1)
τ3Ρ = F/A = 4ΤP/(πdd2) ≤ [τ]. (2)
(1) (2) .. : [τ] = (30...40) ; [τ] = (40...45) .
(.) , ' . ( ), ( ).
, , , 䳺 .
( 2076180) 12 220 8 45 000 Η.
ϳ 35, 35 . , , , 40, 45.
̳ ' .
, , . , , .
, , , .
.|3 . : ; .
, , . , , , .
: ; ; .
() (. 37.4), , , .
, . : Δ0= (1...5), Δr =(0,2...0,5) Δα = (0,5... 1,0). Δr Δα . , .
, .
( 2142475) (10...160) 6,316 000 Η.
ϳ 20, 30 35. 45, 8 .
. , .
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, ,
Fn = 2T/(Dz), (3)
D (. 37.4); z ( z = 4...8).
p = Fn /(dd) ≤ [p]. (4)
σ = M/W0 = 32Fn (0,5 l + )/(πd3) ≤ [σ]. (5)
(4) (5): d ; / ; (. 37.4).
[] = (2,0...2,5) , [σ] = (60...70) .
, .
FM = (0,5... 0,6)p/D.
㳿, =0,96...0,98.
糭 (. 37.5) , . , . , . 37 5, . .
, , . ( 14084 76) 648 2,5400 Η. ϳ .
:
p = 2Tp/(Dzhb) ≤ [p]. (6)
z , D, h b . 37.5. [] = (3...5) ( [] ).
η = 0,97...0,98, F ≈ (0,3...0,4)T/D.
(. 37.6) , . , .
: Δ0 = (2...6) ; Δr = (1...4) ; Δα =(2...4). ij , . ( 2088482) 14 200 2025000Η, η ≈ 0,98.
' , , . , . , , , .
(. 37.7, ) , . , , . δ , Δr Δα.
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Δ0 = (2...4) ; Δr = (1...3) ; Δα ≤ 0,5. 2072081 16150 1616000Η.
. .
5 45. 15, 20 .
. .
, , . 37.7, .
T = 0,5σ 0.5Dh 2D/3 0,5σ'3Μ 0.5dh 2d/3.
. 37.7, , σ3Μ/σ'3Μ = D/d.
T = σ D2h /6 σ3Μd3h/6D = σ h (D3 d3)/(6D).
,
σ = 6TpD / [h (D3 d3)] ≤ [σ]3Μ. (7)
[σ]3Μ = (15...20) .
( ).
ϳ FM ≈ (0,3...0,4) TP/D.
(. 37.7, ) 1 2, , ' 3 .
' . , , .
, , , . : Δ0 = (3...4) ; Δr= (1,5...2) ; Δα = (0,5... 1,0).
: ; , ; .
40200 100063 000 Η.
45, 50 40. , 45 HRC, , 40 HRC. Η ≤ 350 .
. , . '.
σ3Μ = /(0,9D02 b) ≤ [σ]3Μ, (37.8)
D0 ; b .
[σ]3Μ= (12...15) . η = 0,98...0,99,
F ≈ (0,2...0,3) TP/D0.
(. 37.8) , .
Δα = (0,5...1,0) Δr = (0,5...1) . , .
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, , . 1,5 , .
( 2074281) 20130 638000 Η.
, ' , F ≈ 0,6 TP/D0.
' . . . 37.9.
(. 37.9, ), , , ' . , .
, γ , (. 37 9, ). , , .
40 45. , , , .
( 514780) 840 11,21120 Η.
, ' ' . ֳ 䳭 .
. (. 37.10, ) , . , , , . . . ( . 37.10, ).
, . ' ' (, ). .
, . ( ν > 1 /).
. 37.10, , . . , ' 쳭 . , . .
, . α = (2... 5), .
ϳ , , 15, 20, 15, 20, 45, 40, 40. 50...55 HRC.
, .
(. 37.10):
σ3Μ = 2Tp/(Dzbh) [σ]3Μ. (9)
: [σ]3Μ = (90... 100) ( ) [σ]3Μ = (35...40) ( ).
.
ϳ . ' . , . .
: , ; , ; , .
. . 37.11, , . 37.11, .
, ( ). .
, ' , . . Fa , .
Ts , D1 D2 (. 37.11). (. 5.2) :
Tp=Ts = Fafz(D1 + D2)/4. (10)
, (11)
f ; z ( . 37.11, z = 1, . 37.11, z = 6).
, z , .
. , . : ; .
.
p = 4Fa/[π(D12D22)] ≤ [p]. (12)
, D1/D2 = 1,5...2,0.
(. 37.12) , . .
. . ϳ . , .
Fa : TP = Ts = Faf (D1 + D2)/(4 sin α); (13)
Fe = 4 TP sinα / [f(D1+D2)]. (14)
p = Fa/(bπDmsinα) ≤ [p], (15)
Dm = 0,5 (D1 + D2) .
α Fa . α , , ' . , α > arctg f. α ≈ 15.
f [] .