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' , ' .

' . ' (. 12.7,a) Τ୺ , , 䳿 . 쳖 .

. 12.7. '

'

σ = F/A ≤ [σ],

F , 䳺 ,

.

' F = 2T/d,

= (ht1)l0,

l0 .

, '

σ = 2T/[dl0 (h t1)] ≤ [σ]. (1)

(1) . ϳ 䳺 . ' , . , , , . (1) ' , l0, , ' , 180 ( ).

' . , (1):

l0 ≥ 2T/[d(ht1) [σ]]. (2)

l0 l = l0 + b, .

' 䳺 . . ' '.

[σ]3Μ ' ', , .

' :

[σ]3Μ = (100...120) ( ) [σ]3Μ = (70... 80) ( );

[σ]3Μ = (160... 180) ( ) [σ]3Μ = (110...130) ( ).

[σ]3Μ '.

' . [σ]3Μ = (20...30) .

' (. 12.7, ) , ' , ' . ' (1) . 12.7, ,

σ = 2T/[dl (h t1)] ≤ [σ]. (3)

(3) ' . , ' .





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