28147-89 , . . , . ( ):
0. :
N 64- , (N1) (N2) 32- . , N=(N1,N2).
X 32- ; . X 32- .
. ., longint X, N1, N2.
1. . N1 232 X, . 232 longint longint.
2. . 32- , , 4- : S = (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7). , . S- ( , ):
S- | ||||||||||||||||
S0 | ||||||||||||||||
S1 | ||||||||||||||||
S2 | ||||||||||||||||
S3 | ||||||||||||||||
S4 | ||||||||||||||||
S5 | ||||||||||||||||
S6 | ||||||||||||||||
S7 |
3. 11 . 11 (.. , shl) .
4. : , 3, 2 N2. , 2 xor ( ).
5. : N2:= N1; N1 .
|
|
6. : N=(N1, N2).
.. , S- . :
0. :
N 64- , (N1) (N2) 32- . , N=(N1,N2).
X 32- ; . X 32- .
. ., - longint X, N1, N2.
1. . N2 232 X, .
2. . 32- , , 4- : S = (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7). , ( , ).
3. 11 . 11 (.. , shl) .
4. : , 3, 2 N1.
5. : N1:= N2; N2 .
6. : N=(N1, N2).
. 6 28147-89. , .
:
1. 8 S-, 2 (. ). , 32- . 8 4- i- (i=0,1,,7) i- .
2. , 11 32- .
3. , 1 28147-89. .
:
1. 2-
2. -
6
28147-89.
: 28147-89, .
: 1 .
28147-89 , :
64
256
32. 32- 64- , . 64- .
|
|
256- K 8 32- , : K = K0 | K1 | K2 | K3 | K4 | K5 | K6 | K7. :
, , . :
, (64-) 32 , . () . , , .
:
1. , 64- , int64 longint, 28147-89.
2. , 64- .
:
1. 2-
2. -
7
.
: :
(ECB)
(CBC, )
(CFB, )
OFB ( ).
: 1 .
, . .
( ) , , . . ., . , , .
:
M={mi} M, m1, m2, , mN
C={ci} , 1, 2, , N
E K
D K.
:
: ci = E(mi) : mi = D(ci) |
(, ) i, i³1, 2 mi+1. c0 IV (Initial Vector, ). . . .
|
|
:
: ci = E(ci-1 Å mi), c0=IV : mi = D(ci) Å ci-1 |
(CFB, ) , 2 (.. XOR).
.
:
: ci = mi Å E(ci-1), c0=IV : mi = E(ci-1) Å mi |
(OFB) CFB, , 2 ( XOR), .
CFB ( , , , ), .
si , i- . :
: si = E(si-1), ci = mi Å si, s0 = IV : si = E(si-1), mi = ci Å si |
:
1. , 28147-89 . . .
2. , .
:
1. 2-
2. -
8
- (El-Gamal).
: -.
: 1 .
, , , , , . .. , , , : . , . , . , . , , , .
- , . ( DSA (. ) , , 34.10-94).
|
|
() (). A (.. . ) . :
1. p (, 512-). g, 1 < g < p.
2. a, 1 < a < p. y = ga mod p.
3. Ko = {p,g,y} .
4. Ks = {a} .
, , M, M < p ( ; p , ). :
1. k , (k, p-1) = 1.
2. y1 = gk mod p.
3. y2 = M Å (yk mod p), M .
4. : (y1, y2).
, (y1, y2) , :
1. : M = (y1a mod p) Å y2
, ( ) . ( ) :
GCD
: a, b: longint
: c: longint // = (a,b).
1. a>b, b;
2. := a mod b. c=0, b.
3. a:= b; b:= c; 2.
:
1. , .
2. -. :
16- ( ).
p , 216, , 87649.
, , int64.
:
- 2-
- -
9
. SHA-1.
: SHA-1.
: 1 .
SHA-1 , 160- .
512- . , 32 . .
: , , , 64 , (.. 512)
:
1. , 512 , .
2.
A = 6745230116 (=173258419310);
B = EFCDAB8916 (= 402323341710);
C = 98BADCFE16 (=256238310210);
D = 1032547616 (=27173387810);
E = C3D2E1F016 (=328537752010).
32- ( ++- ).
3. a,b,c,d,e A,B,C,D E ( ).
:
1. <<< .
2. Kt, t = 0, , 79,
3. ft(X,Y,Z),
4. Wt :
Mt 32- , t (.. M1 32 , M2 32 , , M15 32 )
( ):
for t=0 to 79 do begin
temp = (a <<< 5) + ft(b, c, d) + e + Wt + Kt;
e = d;
d = c;
c = b <<< 30;
b = a;
a = temp;
end
|
|
a,b,c,d,e A,B,C,D,E , 512- . 160- , A,B,C,D,E ( A,B,C,D,E 5 .).
:
1. . , 512- (64-) . 32- . 16 .
:
- 2-
- -
10
Sun xVM Virtual Box .
: , . Sun xVM Virtual Box.
: 1 .
:
- .
- Virtual Box. :
, . .
- , , Windows 7 ( Windows Vista, ). ( Virtual Box ). . . , . . Windows 7 ( Vista), , :
. , . 512 :
, . . ftp- ftp://msbook/onlyread/OS_IMGs/ win7*.7z .vdi, , D: D:\student\< >\<>\IMG. ! !!!
: , , :
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CD-ROM. exe- . sun:
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UAC, User Accounts:
Change user account control settings:
:
- . .. Windows 7, . ̻ ftp- .
slmgr.vbs dlv. :
0 , slmgr -rearm . remaining windows rearm count.
- . Network and sharing center:
, . , Change adapter settings:
:
Properties. IP v4 Properties:
ip-, 10.113.0.0/255.0.0.0. : IP- IP- :
- ping . , .
- , . , . (guest).
: .. .
( ). Computer management:
Local users and groups. Guest properties:
account is disabled:
- , . properties. Sharing, Advanced Sharing:
Share this folder:
Share name. Permissions :
( ) . Full control .
properties Network and Sharing center.
:
Save changes. properties Security ( ):
Edit Add, guest. Advanced:
Find now, :
:
:
( guest ).
gpedit.msc. - :
Computer configuration -> windows settings -> security settings -> local policies -> user rights assignments. Deny access to this computer from the network:
, :
guest remove.
a. . UNC- (.. \\_\_) :
:
1. 2 . .
11
True Crypt. . PGP Desktop PGP.
: , , .
: 1 .
TrueCrypt - -- ( ). -- , , . , , () / . , , , , , ).
, TrueCrypt , / ( , - drag-n-drop). " " ( ) TrueCrypt. - , TrueCrypt, " " . , , /, /. TrueCrypt .
TrueCrypt - . , . Windows , , , , , . ( ). , , / .
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) , () , , . 1991 .
PGP , (GnuPG, FileCrypt .) OpenPGP (RFC 4880), . PGP .
PGP : . ( ), , .
PGP -- RSA Diffie-Hellman/DSS (Elgamal GnuPG). 1024 4096 . . Diffie-Hellman/DSS 1024. . .
( , ) () (). MD5, SHA-1, RIPEMD-160, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512. PGP MD5 . RSA DSA ( ).
(AES, CAST5, TripleDES, IDEA, Twofish) . . RSA Elgamal ( ).
, , PGP . ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2. , .
GNU Privacy Guard, GnuPG, GPG PGP, General Public License. GNU, . GnuPG IETF OpenPGP. GnuPG PGP OpenPGP- . GnuPG .
GnuPG (Werner Koch). :
- PGP.
- .
- GNU General Public License.
- OpenPGP (RFC2440).
- , PGP 5, 6 7.
- ElGamal, DSA, RSA - MD5, SHA-1, RIPE-MD-160 TIGER.
- ElGamal RSA ( 1024 4096 )
- AES, 3DES, Blowfish, Twofish, CAST5, IDEA .
- ˸ .
- .
- .
GnuPG , , GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD NetBSD. 2005 Gpg4win a , GnuPG Windows, WinPT, Gnu Privacy Assistant, GnuPG Windows Outlook.
GnuPG , , GnuPG. , . GnuPG , .
GnuPG / , IDEA. GnuPG CAST5, 3DES, AES, Blowfish Twofish. , GnuPG IDEA .
GnuPG , , , . OpenPGP PGP .
:
- . . AES / 99/94,5 /.
- Tools -> Benchmark
- [Close]
- Create Volume:
[Create a file container], [Next>]
[Standard TrueCrypt volume], [Next>]
:
: D:\stud\< >\< >. [Next>].
:
(Encryption Algorithm AES, Hash Algorithm RIPEMD-160)
[Next>]
( 1) [Next>]
:
[Next>]
, 20 .
[]
:
, .
[Format]
[Next>] [Exit]:
[Exit]
[Select File] , , , [Mount]
, :
.
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, . . .
:
:
:
:
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.
2 , Create a volume within non-system partition/device.
- . , . 2 ., , Hidden ():
[Next>]
VolumeCreation Mode Direct mode. [Next>]
. ( , Direct mode Normal mode; ), [Next>]
:
. .. , , .
[Exit]
- ( , ). , .
- OpenPGP.
1. PGP Desktop.
:
EULA :
(Yes) :
PGP. "yes" "":
. PGP:
" ":
" PGP":
"", "Skip". .
PGP:
2. .
, PGP:
"Open PGP Desktop", "PGP Desktop":
, keys -> New keyring:
"" .
, :
keyring, File->New PGP Key. :
"" , :
: . ,
, . .
"Advanced" :
4096 , (). - Twofish AES.
, .
, - , .
, . ( Skip):
:
.
3. . .
, "Properties":
:
( - ), Fingerprint, "Hexadecimal":
(Wondows Vista Windows Server) PGP Desktop . , .
"" . ( keyring) , .
, , File->Export->key: