.
, . , (savings) . , .. . , . :
- ( , ), ;
- , , .
, . , , . (consumption spending - ) (investment spending I). , Y (yield). (expenditures):
Y= E
( ) () (I): E = C+ I
(C) (S):
Y = + S
,
+ I = + S,
.. ,
I = S
.. . (injections) , (leakages) . , , , ( , , ). , , , . ( ), , (). . .
.
-, (government spending - G), , . , . , .. .
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-, (taxes - Tx), . , , , (transfers - Tr). - , , .. . , , , , , . , .
-, , . ( + ) (), , , . ( ) . , , , .. . , . , . , .. () , , .
, , .. , , . : (C), (I) (G):
= C + I + G
(C), (S) (T):
Y = C + S+ T
, (Tx) (Tr):
T = Tx Tr
(, , , , , , )
, () , :
I + G = S+ T
( , , , , ).
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( ) , (Y), , .. , (), , , .. (disposal income Yd). , , , , , , ( , ). :
Yd = Y -Tx + Tr
( ) :
Yd = C + S
, , , , . , (export Ex) () ( ), (import Im) ( ).
.
(Im > Ex), . , .. :
- () , , . (, );
- ( ) .
, ( ) , (capital inflow), .
(Ex > Im), () , (capital outflow), .
( ) . , (net export - Xn) :
Xn = Ex - Im
, : , , :
= C + I + G + Xn
:
Y = C + S+ T
= Y, , :
C + I + G + Xn = C + S+ T
.
, () ():
Y ( ) = = C + I + G + Xn
, (.. , () , .. , ) (.. , () , , ), :
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I + G+ Ex = S+ T + Im
. . .