.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


, ,




, . , Company () Name (), Address () NumberOfEmployees ( ).

, . , . (attribute visibility).

. (. . 2.38). Employee Address Company:

Public (, ). , . . Company Address Employee. UML +.

Private (, ). . Employee Address , Company , . , Employee , . - UML.

Protected (). . , . , Employee HourlyEmp SalariedEmp. Address Employee, HourlyEmp SalariedEmp, Company. UML #.

. , . , .

. , .

. - . - . .

, - , , .

( , responsibilities). .

( ):

;

. ( ):

;

;

.

, . , . .

UML :

(1: 1, 2: 2,...): .

.

(implementor operations) (). UML.

(manager operations) . .

. , . (access operations).

(helper operations) , , . .

, .

.

, . ,

. () ().

- . . . , , .

, . :

;

(run time);

.

.

. , .

(association) . (. 2.39). .

. 2.39.

 

(aggregation) () ( ).

:

1) ;

2) ;

3) ;

4) .

:

(, , );

( 1 1, B1 1, 1 1);

() ( 1 1, A1 1 );

( 1 A1, Ai(i 1)).

, :

;

;

.

, , .

, , , . .

UML . UML . . . UML .

UML . . . , UML .

(. 2.40). (. 2.41).

 

. 2.40

 

2.41.

 

, ( ). , . , . , , . , .

. , .

. , , . , Person () Company () . , employs () (. . 2.39).

. , . .

, , (. 2.42). Person Company, , Person Company. , , . , , , . , , , .

2.42.

 

(multiplicity) , . , . - ( ). .

UML .

 

*
 
 
0..*
1..*
0..1
1..1  
     

, Course ( ) Student (). , . , 10 20 , (. 2.43).

2.43.

 

- (Association class), , . - , . - , , . - -.

, , Student Course, Grade (). , . Student, , . Course, .

, -. Grade, . UML - . 2.44.

2.44. -

 

- , -. . 2.44 , . , , - Grade , Student Course.

(dependency) , . ( ). , (. 2.45).

2.45.

 

, . : ; ; . , , , .

(generalization) - (inheritance). - . , . UML - - (. 2.46).

 

2.46.

 

, / .

, , .

 

2.5.

UML

 

UML [18] (Unified Modeling Language) , , , - , . UML .

UML - , 1980- 1990- . UML 1994 ., Booch (Object Modeling Technique) Rational Software. 1995 . , Unified Method, 0.8. 1995 . OOSE (Object-Oriented Software Engineering) . , UML , , . UML :

, ;

;

;

( , );

- ;

.

UML , OMG (Object Management Group) - , . UML (Microsoft, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Oracle, Sybase .). , CASE-, IBM Rational

Software, UML (Together (Borland), Paradigm Plus (Computer Associates), System Architect (Popkin Software), Microsoft Visual Modeler .). UML http://www.omg.org http://www.rational.com.

UML 1.1, OMG 1997 ., :

(structural) :

(class diagrams) - ; (component diagrams) () ;

(deployment diagrams) .

(behavioral):

(use case diagrams) - ; (interaction diagrams):

(sequence diagrams) (collaboration diagrams) ;

(statechart diagrams) ;

(activity diagrams) , .

2.5.1.

(use case) 1986 . . . [19].

(), , ( ). . , , , .

(actor) , . , .

, , .

, , , . , - .

. . 2.47 .

. 2.47.

 

, , . : . , : , , , , PIN- .

. . , , , (stakeholders) . , . , . , , . .

. . , .

, . :

. . , .

. , . .

. , , .

. , , - . - , , , , . , , .

. . . , (flow of events). , . , .

, . - , , . :

;

(pre-conditions);

;

;

(post-conditions);

(extensions).

.

. , . , .

.

. - , , . , , . . , . . , , .

. . , . , , , . ( ), (subflow). ( ) . , :

1. , .

2. PIN-.

3. PIN-.

4. .

5. : , ,

6. .

7. , .

8. .

9. , .

10. .

11. .

12. .

13. .

14. .

 

1. PIN-.

41. , .

42. .

4. .

 

2. .

91. , .

92. .

9. .

 

3. .

91. , , .

92. . , , .

93. .

94. .

 

, , . . :

;

, ;

;

;

( , ).

, :

(, );

(, );

, (, );

(, 5 ).

. , . , - . . , . , , , . .

. , ( ). .

. (communication), (include), (extend) (generalization).

, ( ). , .

, - ( ), . . PIN- , . , .

( ), .

, . 2.48.

. 2.48.

 

, . , , (. 2.49).

. , . , .

. -

. 2.49.

 

, , .

. , , 10 - 20 ( ). , .

, :

;

;

;

;

;

( -, ).

 

2.5.2.

 

( ).

, . , .

(message) , - - .

(informative) , - .

- (interrogative) , -.

(imperative) , - .

: .

, . , , , , , PIN- . ( ) . 2.50.

; (Customer).

. 2.50.

 

, , . , .

. (lifeline) . .

. , . , , ; , , , (self-delegation) , , .

- . , .

, , . , , , , . , , (control objects). .

(. 2.51).

. , . . 2.51 , , . , , - . , .

 

. 2.51.

 

- . , .

, , , . , , .

2.5.3.

 

, . , , . . 2.52.

. 2.52.

 

: Card Reader ( ), Account (), ATM Screen ( ATM) Cash Dispenser ( ). . , Account ATM Screen, . Card Reader Cash Dispenser, . , . 2.5.8.

, , . . . . , , .

. -, ( ). , - , .. .

. , Security () , . Employee Maintenance ( ), Reporting ( ) Error Handling ( ). .

, , , . , (. 2.53) , . , , .. . .

 

. 2.53.

 

 

. 2.54.

 

() (. 2.54). ( ) ( , .. , ). . .

 

2.5.4.

 

, , . , .

. 2.55 . , . . , , . (event), .

. 2.55. Account

 

, . , , [ ] . (guard condition) , .

(start) (stop). , , . , . , , , . - , . . 2.55 . , , , (actions).

: , , , . Account .

(activity) , , . , , . . , , . , do () .

(entry action) , , . , , . , , , , , . .

, entry () .

(exit action) , . , Account , , . . , .

, exit () .

(transition) . , .

. , . , .

, , .

(event) . . .

 

, , . , RequestClosure().

, , , . , , . , , .

(guard conditions) , , . , . .

, .

. , , , , .

, . , .

, .

, . -, .

 

 

2.5.5.

 

UML , SDL . , . , , .

. , . , , .

. 2.56 , . .

(activity). , ( , , ). .

, . . , .

(object flow). . ( ) , .

. , .

. 2.56 . , , ,

. 2. 56.

.

() , . , . , , .

, , . , , .

. .

, , , .

:

. , , . ;

. , ( (swimlanes). , ).

2.5.6.

 

. 11 . : .

( ) . , .

. 2.57 .

. 2.57.

. C++. ( .h) ( .). , ATM Screen ATM Screen: . (package specification) ATM Screen. , . . (thread of processing) .

. , Card Reader ATM Screen. , , Card Reader , ATM Screen . ATMClient.exe.

, , . , Cash Dispenser, Card Reader ATM Screen. , Account. . 2.58.

. 2.58.

, , . .

, . , .

 

2.5.7.

 

. , .

, . , .

. :

(node) ( , ..). ;

(connection) ().

 

. 2.59.

 

, , , . . 2.59.

. . . . , , Oracle. , .

, , , .

2.5.8.

UML

 

UML , , . UML , IDEFO, IDEF1X, IDEF3, DFD ERM. ( ), . UML, ( ), . :

;

() ;

.

, . , (. . 2.52) ().

- , . , , (. . 4.3.2), : Boundary (), Entity () Control ().

(boundary classes) , . , , (, ) .

- (entity classes) () , , . - .

(control classes) . , .





:


: 2015-11-05; !; : 1664 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

1340 - | 1260 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.282 .