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(Demand) , .
() (Quantity Demanded) , .
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:
QD = F (P, I, Z, W, PS, PC, N, )
QD ;
P (Price);
I (Income);
Z , (, , , .);
W (Waitings);
PS , (Substitutes (.) ), , , ;
PC , (Complements), , (, ), .
N (Number of consumers).
I, Z, W, PS, PC, N .
QD(P) (. 6).
, ( ) ( !), .
:
: Þ Þ ;
: Þ , Þ .
I, Z, W, PS, PC, N . (. 7).
. 6. . 7.
, .
(, ) , .
X Y -, Y X.
X Y -, Y X.
.
.
:
.
. 8.
. 8.
(Supply) , .
() (Quantity supplied) , .
:
QS = F(P, K, T, PR, PX, N, )
QS ;
P (Price);
K (Kind of Technology);
T (Taxes) (Subsidies);
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PR (Prices of resources);
PX , ;
N (Number of producers).
K, T, PR, PX, N .
QS(P) (. 9).
, ( ) ( !), .
K, T, PR, PX, N . (. 10).
. 9. . 10.
. , :
.
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(Price elasticity)
= = ;
,
P ; Q .
:
-;
;
;
;
;
;
;
(Income elasticity)
= = ,
Q ; I .
(Cross elasticity)
= =
= .
(Price elasticity of supply)
(point elasticity)
(arc elasticity)
=
:
;
;
;
.