(positive externality) , .
MSB = + , MSB - (marginal social benefit);
- (marginal private benefit); EB- (marginal external benefit).
. , . , , , . , , ' , , . , (. 132). 1 : = MSC. -
- . , 2. -- AE12.
, , .
, . (internalization of an externality) ( ) (). . . ϳ 䳿.
(corrective tax) , , . - (tax-T), = , :
MSB = MSC.
(corrective subsidy) , , .
, (S = ), , , MSB = MSC.
䳿 , . -, . -, . , , , , , . 䳿 . ' .
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( ) - , , , , .
, (, , ). , , . , , .
, . , , , , . , , . , .
. :
(PU ) .
(EU) .
(SU): SU = PU + EU
MPU - ;
MEU , ;
MSU .
.
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, : , , , (, ) .
(, ), , (, ).