1913 . . ͳ 1913 .
42 . ˳ 쳿 . ֳ 䳿 . 1914 . ͳ . ˳ , : - 쳿, . , .
ͳ - . 1912-1913 . - : 䳿 - , , ͳ, . - . ̳ . , , ' , - - . 1912 . . 㳿 ͳ , , . 1914 . - .
1914 . . II , , - -, " ͳ ", . . , , .
4.
XIX - XX ., , . ' , : , , , " " " ".
:---
XX .
. , - (, , , , ' - ), : , , , , 孿 . , , . .
|
|
1.
³ 90- XIX . 1914 . . 1914 . 9 656 . (59 ). : - 6 329 . (152 ), ͳ - 11 326 . (175 , 1912 .), -5 800 . (148 , 1912 .), - 21 100 . (213 ). XIX . , 1906 . " ", .
. , ' - : , , . : 31% . ; (, , , .) , .
. - 1909 . 1916 . - . ³ . ( . , ³ . ). . 1900 . . , 80- , 1903 . Ƴ , 1908 . . . ( , , , ), . . 1911 . , .
1917 . 11 : , , , , , (), , , , ' (); 16 10 , 30 , 47 ( ). ʳ 20 (1897-1916) 31,4 . 135 . , - 11,3 . 25,6 . . . XIX . 52%, 1917 . - 34%; .
|
|
XX . . ʳ 1900 1913 . 125 1 130 . 1913 . 1 055 3,3 ( 21 ), 16 944 - 67,1 , 677 , 32 .
75 . 3 1905 ., . 1905-1907 400 , . . "" " ", " ", " ", "", " ". "" 1900 . 235 . ( 1870 . 9 . ). 1906-1912 "", " ", " ", , . "", "-", " ", " ".
107 . XX . . , - . , -. , . , . , . , . . -. . 80- XIX . " ", . . " ", -
XX .
, , . . XX . . , , , , , .
, . . 10 . , 1904 ., 4 500 . 1904 . 15 . , 1914 . 76 .
3.
, , ' . ղ- . , , : , , , , . .
(1866-1912) , , , . " " (1847-1921) , . 1902 . , 1904 . . 糿 ֳ- (1857-1935) ' . . ֳ , . (1863-1945) , 쳿, 쳿, 㳿. ³ , ( ). - (1849-1936), 㳿 . . . 1904 . . - 㳿 .
|
|
䳿 - XX . : , , , . "" - ' " " .
(1860-1933), - (1869 1908), (1848-1916). , , , . - (1868-1932) " " 䳿 . . , . , . , . ³- . , , - (1865-1919) , , , .
' , (1874-1948), (1871-1944), (1882-1937) . " ", " " . .
˳. ʳ XIX - XX . " " . , XIX ., . , . ' - : , .
XIX . " ". 1899 . "", . . . ղ- . (" ", "", " ", " "), . 1895-1903 ' - "", " ", " ", " ", , . . - ' , .
|
|
XX .
: (1868-1936), (1870-1953), (1870-1938). 90- ( Ϻ). (" ", " ", "ϳ ", "") , . 1902-1906 " 人", ""; ' - "̳", " ", "", . 90- /. - " ", " ", " ". 1902-1909 ' . , 1915 . . . 90- ' . - "", " ", , " ". 1900- ("ij", ", ""), "", (" ").
ղ- . ' (, , , ), . ( 80-90- XIX .) , , , " ", "", "" . . " " (1893). "" - (1866-1941), (1873-1924), (1867-1942). ϳ "" (1880-1921), (1863-1927), (1880-1934) . - ' . "" , , , " ", , , .
( "" - , ). - (1886-1921). 1911 . " " - , , (, 1889-1966), (1891-1938) . 糿 , " ", " ", . 糿 -
̪11
-
.
, "
,
.
,
, , . . "" ' 1912 . 糿, , . . , .
1910-1912 - . " " ( ), , . ֳ " " (" ", 1912), , , " ". - . (³) (1885-1922), ' (1893-1930) (1890-1960).
|
|
. . , . , . , . . , , - .
. XIX . , , . . - , ' , . 1897 . , - (, 1863-1938) -- (1858-1943) . " ", " ", "" . , . . 1888 ., , . -. 1898 ., - "", . . . . . 1902 . ( . ).
³ ³ (1864-1910) 1904 . . ' . , . , . , . , . س. .
XX .
-. : 1910 ., , .
(1885-1950) 1914 . , , , " ". ', .
. ղ- . , , - . . - - " " - " " (1898). (1865-1936) 8 , 5 , , , , , , , - "", . ˺ "". - (1872-1915) . ³ 3 3 , 10 , 90 , , . - . , . ﳭ , . - (1882-1971) - "", "-" - ' . . -, , , - . (1856-1915) XX . ( "" ), , , - . . , 1906 . . . (1873-1943) . . , 3 , , "", . , .
- - , , , , . . (1873 1938) - . ', . 1891-1892 .
. ³ 1896 . . . . . - (" " . ), ("" . ), ("" . -), (" " . -). . .
. , . (1872-1929) 1906 . - , 1907 . . . " " . . ³ 1909 . . " " , 1929 . "" , . " " ' , . XX . , - " , " . " " -, , .
. " " '. "" ³ (1848-1926) (1856-1933) , (1859-1930) . - ³ "ϳ ", " ", - "", " ". . , . . , , , . . , ( "", " - " ). XX . "" , - .
, , ' , (1856-1910), (1861-1939), (1862-1942), Ѻ (1865-
XX .
1911), 䳺 (1878-1912). . , , . - , , . (" ", "-", ""), (, ). . , (""), (" "), , . . (" "), (" "), . , (" ").