, , , , . . , , . .
. .
. , .
, - , 1, , 2, , , , , 2 2.
, . , , . , , , , .. , .
, , . TCP/IP.
6.
1969 , 29 9 , , 640 - . , . . LOG, . LOG LOGON ( ). . .
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, ( , )
1957 , , , . . ARPANET (. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) 1969 : , , -. . ARPANET .
1969 , 29 9 , , 640 - . , . . LOG, . LOG LOGON ( ). . .
ARPANET 1971 .
1973 . .
70- . , . , , . , 82-83 , TCP/IP . 1 1983 . ARPANET .
(. Domain Name System, DNS), 1984 .
ARPANET NSFNet (. National Science Foundation Network). , ́, ARPANET, ( 10 ). NSFNet.
1988 Internet Relay Chat (IRC), .
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1989 - . HTTP, HTML URI.
1990 ARPANET, NSFNet, . (Dialup access ).
1991 .
1993 - NCSA Mosaic. .
1995 , NSFNet .
(W3C), -.
1996 (WWW) , FTP
1990- ( ). . 1997 10 . 1 . . .
, -, , , , - . 22 2010 .
.
, ( ), . , , : E-mail, WWW, FTP, Usenet, IP - , ..
:
- ;
- ;
- (DSL - Digital Subscriber Line);
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, , , ISDN ( ). ISDN ISDN-. , : GPRS CDMA - Internet.
, ISP (). 24 . : 2400 / - 1,544 /. 56, / - 45 /. .
, , DSL. Digital Subscriber Line - , , DSL/ . 50 /.
Fast Ethernet . (10/100 /) 1 / 100 / .
(DirecPC, Europe Online) . 52,5 / ( 3 /).
, 2 56 /. .
. : WiFi, WiMax, RadioEthernet, MMDS, LMDS, GPRS , CDMA Internet.
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- windows.
(, , ) - .bat .cmd, ( ) / . , , , . DOS Windows9X command.com, Windows (NT/2k/XP/Vista/7/8 ) - cmd.exe. - , , - , , .. Windows, , , .
(FOR, ECHO, REM ..) (net.exe, regedit.exe, sc.exe) - - CMD.EXE. , . :
HELP
, HELP:
HELP
Windows, , DOS-. Windows DOS
CHCP
CHCP 866 - 866 (DOS)
CHCP 1251 - 1251 (WINDOWS)
, DOS-. "" (notepad.exe), Terminal, - ...
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CMD.EXE ( Windows)
COLOR
2 , .
COLOR F0 - .
COLOR 0E - - .
HELP COLOR - COLOR.
- () (). , - -
> -
< -
, , help.txt, :
HELP > help.txt
, help.txt, HELP. help.txt , . , , - ">>"
:
HELP GOTO > myhelp.txt - myhelp.txt GOTO
HELP COLOR >> myhelp.txt - myhelp.txt COLOR
:
cmd.exe < commands.txt - , commands.txt
:
cmd.exe /C HELP FOR - HELP FOR ( /C)
cmd.exe /K HELP FOR - HELP FOR ( /K)
cmd.exe , /?
Cmd.exe /?
- - && ||
cmd.exe /C "HELP IF > nul" && Echo HELP Executed || Echo HELP Not Executed - HELP IF Echo HELP Executed, - Echo HELP Not Executed. , &&, .
cmd.exe /C "HELP IF > nul" && Echo HELP Executed || Echo HELP Not Executed
HELP Executed,
cmd.exe /C "HELP uIF > nul" && Echo HELP Executed || Echo HELP Not Executed
HELP (uIF), HELP Not Executed
.bat .cmd Windows , , .
- windows.
. , -. , . . . ., , . ; . . . . . . , . . . .
- HTML.
, , , . , World Wide Web, HTML ( Hyper Text Markup Language - ). HTML , . , , , HTML, Web- (HTML-) HTML.
HTML <... >, (tag). |
HTML- - . (, Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator)
, ( . browse - ) - . |
, , HTML, , , , ..
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- , . |
:
1) : <...>; , - ;
2) : <...>...</...>; , , , , . , " / ":
<...> - , </...> - .
HTML-: <HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML> |
<HTML>...</HTML> - HTML-
HTML- ( ) <HTML>...</HTML>. , HTML-.
Web- : .
<HEAD>... </HEAD> - HTML-
, , , .
<BODY>... </BODY> - HTML-
<BODY>... </BODY>. .
: HTML , .. : ( BODY body Body).