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3. BS SAFEHULL

Background

The ABS SafeHull System is a revolutionary new approach to the design and evaluation of ship structures based on thorough but easy to apply engineering analysis techniques. Its application leads to improved reliability and enhanced safety of ship structures. Worldwide recognition of SafeHull's capabilities in this regard, was acknowledged by receipt of the 1994 Seatrade Award for "Technical Improvement Leading to the Reduction of Risk to Human Life at Sea." The SafeHull System is the result of the single largest research and development project ever undertaken independent by the American

 

Bureau of Shipping (ABS). This booklet provides a summary of the background of the SafeHull development project and the content of the system.

 

ABS 2000

In 1990 ABS undertook a major strategic plan to prepare itself for the next century and better serve its customers. Called ABS 2000, it is both a restructuring of internal resources, as well as a look into what ABS does and the way it is done. Most importantly, it is a reinforcement of ABS' purpose, principles, values and dedication to providing a balance of interests leading to the highest, level of safety, practical for the circumstances.

Of the specific objectives of ABS 2000, a particular element is the enhancement of the role of technology, as well as the focus and dissemination of this technology to industry. The ABS Technology Group was given the task of pursuing this objective and started a dedicated technology initiative designated the RULES 2000 project.

 

RULES 2000

RULES 2000 is a multi-phase project under which ABS is pursuing the objective of improving ship safety, through the use of advanced technology. Many new developments are envisioned as growing out of the RULES 2000 initiative during the 1990s. ABS is addressing not only methods to evaluate ships for classification purposes, but also new tools that can be provided to the industry to enhance the capabilities of ship designers and builders in producing safer, more robust ships.

The initial emphasis of RULES 2000 has been on improving technologies related to ship structures. The first development introduced to the industry in late 1991 was the Dynamic Loading Approach (DLA). DLA was well received by the industry and represents an important new approach, through a blending of established techniques with novel new ideas, to allow a thorough evaluation of ship structures. DLA was first introduced for tankers and has since been extended to bulk carrier and container ship structures.

The next step in the RULES 2000 initiative was to apply the main points of DLA to a streamlined, easy to use day-to-day tool. This effort culminated in the introduction of the SafeHull System for Tanker New Construction in September 1993. Where as DLA is a methodology for the assessment of ship structures after the design is developed, SafeHull can also be used directly in the process of structural design. In this sense, SafeHull is a departure from past techniques in that itis a useful tool that can be used by the industry, from the first day of the development of a new design. Additionally, SafeHull represents a complete restatement of the traditional prescriptive ABS Rules for Steel Vessels. The new loads, strength and approach embodied in SafeHull, are being adopted into the Rules replacing the traditional criteria. Therefore, the intent is that SafeHull will in fact become the new Rule requirement for ship structures, and the most technically comprehensive first principles-based approach to structural requirements.

ABS has made a long term commitment to extend SafeHull from the initial version for tankers and update the strength criteria in the coming years for all other major ocean going ships. In June 1994 SafeHull was extended to the design and evaluation of new bulk carriers. Applications to container ships, liquefied gas carriers and other major ship types are scheduled to follow. In January and June 1994 respective, SafeHull was extended to the evaluation of existing tankers and bulk carriers through the SafeHull Condition Assessment Services.

Looking into the more distant future, ABS sees the next major innovation in the design and evaluation of ship structures as that embodied in reliability based methods. While the practical use and acceptance of this approach by the industry may be a considerable time in the future, ABS has already laid the groundwork in working towards offering this capability to industry as a follow-up to SafeHull. Many aspects of SafeHull are rooted in probabilistic methods that will allow ABS to progress in this field.

 

DLA AND SAFEHULL

Many similarities are clearly evident between DLA and SafeHull, but it is important to understand how these systems differ and under what circumstances one should be used over the other.

First Principles: Both DLA and SafeHull use a first principles approach to develop the acceptance criteria, so that it is not based on prescriptive rules.

Configurations: DLA can be utilized to evaluate any type of ship and structural configuration. SafeHull, on the other hand, applies to a typical configuration for which the analysis has been streamlined. For novel type ship designs whose configurations fall outside the limits of the SafeHull System, DLA is available to thoroughly assess these configurations.

Dynamic Load Determination: The key part of each approach is the determination of the realistic dynamic loads acting on the ship structure. SafeHull uses the experience gained from applying DLA to derive a more direct and simplified formulation to predict the dynamic loads.

Analysis Time: One of the most significant advantages of SafeHull is in the time for completing an analysis. It is expected that experienced users of SafeHull will be able to obtain the same quality technical results as DLA, but in about a four to five week time period concurrent with the normal design process. DLA, because it is more detailed and complex, requires about sixteen weeks after the design process is completed.

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Tests for self checking

1. What does lead to improved reliability and enhanced safety of ship structures?

2. Whom ABS RULES 2000 are addressed to?

3. What kind of approaches was used ABS in process of improving ship safety last years?

4. For what types of ships are the SafeHull project extended?

5. What is the advanced method the Reliability Based Approach?

 

 

4. , :

. (F.W.Taylor), 1911 (The Principles of Scientific Management), . , ( ), . (Total Quality Management TQM) , (Statistic Process Control SPC). . . , 21- , , ( ). () (, ..) . - (American Bureau of Shipping ABS). 1990 ABS , 1994 (ABS Safe Hull) , , , 2000 (Reliability Based Approach). ( , , ) . , 腻. () ( ) , - . 27. . , , , , , . () (International Maritime Organization IMO) , 1949 , 2009 1974 (Safety of Life at Sea SOLAS-74) , . 2015 , - . Safety Level Approach (SLA) , . , , . : - , ?.... , , 2035 .

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  1. (Statistic Process Control SPC)?
  2. Total Quality Management TQM?
  3. (Reliability Based Approach)?
  4. Safety Level Approach (SLA) ?
  5. Risk Management?

 

 





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