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5 , , , . , , (deadweight loss). , 10 , 6 . , , 8 . , , . , 8 , , 6 .
, . 8 ; 2 , . . . 10 , , , , . , 6 . , 4 (6 - 2) . ( , ) . Richard Schmalensee. The Control of Natural Monopolies 30-31 (1979).
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7 ., , George W.Douglas & James .Miller, III. The CAB's Domestic Passenger Fare Investigation, 5 Bell J. Econ. & Mgrat. Sci. 205 (1974); Airline Deregulation: The Early Experience (John R. Meyer & Clinton V. Oster Jr., eds. 1981); Thomas Gale Moore. US Airline Deregulation: Its Effects on Passengers, Capital, and Labor, 29 J. Law. & Econ. 1 (1986).
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10 . William D. Nordhaus. Invention, Growth, and Welfare: A Theoretical Treatment of Technological Change, pt. 1 (1969); Morton I. Kamien & Nancy L. Schwartz. Market Structure and Innovation (1982); F. M. Scherer, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, chs. 15-16 (3d ed. 1990).
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12 F, M. Scherer. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance 316, 321 (3d ed. 1990).
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14 Harold Demsetz. Why Regulate Utilities?, 11 J. Law & Econ. 55 (1968); Yoram Barzel. The Capture of Wealth by Monopolists and the Protection of Property Rights, 14 Intl. Rev. Law & Econ. 393 (1994); . United States v. El Paso Natural Gas Co., 376 U.S. 651 (1964). , (. 3.4)? ? . . 10.1.
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15 Ronald H.Coase. Durability and Monopoly, 15 J. Law & Econ. 143 (1972).
16 Godehard Lenzen. The History of Diamond Production and the Diamond Trade 183-196 (F.Bradley trans. 1970).
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1. Jack Hirshleifer. Price Theory and Applications, ch. 8 (5th ed. 1992).
2. William M. Landes. Appendix: An Introduction to the Economics of Antitrust,
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19 Armen A.Alchian. Costs and Outputs, in Readings in Microeconomics 159, 165 (William Breit & Harold M. Hochman eds., 2d ed. 1971).
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3. Richard A. Posner. The Social Costs of Monopoly and Regulation, 83 J. Pol.
Econ. 807 (1975).
4. F. M. Scherer. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (3d ed.
1990).,,;,
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1 . Richard A. Posner & Frank H. Easterbrook. Antitrust: Cases, Economic Notes, and Other Materials (2d ed. 1981); Herbert Hovenkamp. Federal Antitrust Policy: The Law of Competition and Its Practice (1994).
, (. . 4.1, 8.3). , . , . , . . ? , , . , , , . , , .2
( ) (?), : , , , , , , . , 100 , 10 , 2 . 1 . , , 10 . 15 . 105, , , 1.8 . 15 1.8 ., 80 . 12 ., 20% , . , , ; , , . , , , , . ?
2 . George J. Stigler. A Theory of Oligopoly, in The Organization of Industry 39 (1968); John S. McGee. Ocean Freight Rate Conferences and the American Merchant Marine, 27 U. Chi. L. Rev. 191 (1960).
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3 George J. Stigler. The Economic Effects of the Antitrust Laws, in The Organization of Industry.
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4 Robert S. Pindyck. Gains to Producers From the Cartelization of Exhaustible Resources, 60 Rev. Econ. & Stat. 238 (1978); Dermot Gately. A Ten-Year Retrospective: OPEC and the World Oil Market, 22 J. Econ. Lit. 1100 (1984); James M. Griffin & William S.Neilson. The 1985-87 Oil Price Collapse and
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Afterwards: What Does Game Theory Add?, 32 Econ. Inquiry 543 (1994); S. Gurcan Gulen. Is OPEC a Cartel? Evidence From Cointegration and Causality Tests, 17 Energy J. 43 (1996).
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American Tobacco8 , , , 1930 ., , . , ( ) ( ), ( ). , , , 12,
6 United States v. United States Steel Corp., 251 U.S. 417 (1920). ;-
7 George J. Stigler. The Dominant Firm and the Inverted Umbrella, in The Organization of Industry, . 1 . 108.
8 American Tobacco Co. v. United States, 328 U.S. 781 (1946).
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