( ), . , , , ( ). , , . . . .
(dummy) , . , 䳺 - 䳺, - , - . D :
0, 䳺,
D = 1, 䳺.
, D = 0, , D = 1, .
, , ( Xj), , ( Dj) .
, , ANOVA - ( ). , Y - . Y = β + γ D + u. (1)
0, ,
D = 1, .
M(Y | D = 0) = β + γ 0 = β, M(Y | D = 1) = β + γ 1 = β + γ.
β . γ , . γ t - R2 F- , , .
, ANOVA - - . . , , .
ANCOVA
, , , ANCOVA - ( ).