1, . ³ 1 1, . ³ 180 ( = 1,5) ( = 1,9) (b = 45). , ( = 1,7; 1,6 ..).
, . ( = 90, 135 ..). , ( = 0,9) ( = 1,5; 1,6 ..). ʳ ' "", . , ' . 1 (6, 7, 8 . ..), , 1.
1 1, D l,
D l = d + (V - V) t
d - ;
V - ;
t - (0,5 - 1.).
³ , (V = 900, 1100 / ..). 1, . ʳ ( 1) .
³ 1 V t90 V t180, ", = 180 - 90", 180 90. ³ 180 90, ", = 180 - 90", . (6, 7 . ..), , .
. , . , (.6.) (7 . .6.). . .
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.
"" . ", = 180 - 90" . " " , , .
. ϳ 1 d = 1. .
, , "" (.6.). , .
' 180 ( 1,3; 1,1; 09) , .
ֲ ""
"" , . . -, .
, .
, , . . , , .
"" .
, "" , , .
, .
; .. , , .
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. , , , (d) .
, - 180, 30, 45, 60:
- 1500 /
R 60 = | V | -5; |
- 1500 /
R 60 = | V | -4; |
R 45 = R 60×2, R 30 = R 60 × 3.
:
S = | V + V | ×2; |
S = V (t180+t) d, " + " " - " .