: ?, ?, ?, ? . . .
I , :
Demonstrating his finds the archaeologist usually gives a detailed description of the excavation site.
( , ) , .
Demonstrating his new finds the archaeologist gave a detailed description of the excavation site.
( ) , .
Being demonstrated at the Institute the new finds produced an impression.
( , ) , .
1. I :
Arriving at the gallery he paid his shilling and entered.
, .
II :
6* 83
The drama, considered as literature, for almost a century, was dead in England.
, , .
2. II to give to grant given granted : , , , :
Given certain conditions, such work can be done by anybody.
, .
given that, granted that : .
3. I following : , .
II followed :
I rushed to the bushes following Peter. . She entered the hall followed by her pet-dog. .
, .
1. painted in black and white not being fond of colours.
2. Many of these questions are fundamental to the problem of the collapse of ancient civilization, yet, having raised them, the author left them unanswered.
3. Most people, asked if they can think without speech, would probably answer, Yes, but it is not easy for us to do so.
4. Blows fell thick and fast until one group, having lost some of its warriors, fled from the field.
5. Deprived of their leaders, the English became disorganized.
6. This letter, having been addressed to the wrong house, never reached my friend.
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7. William's 8 ship was in the van, 9 and, being less heavily laden than the transports, outdistanced them du-
8 William (), . 1066 .
9 to be in the van , (. a vanguard).
ring the night and appeared alone at dawn off the English coast.
8. Again he asked if the enemy were defeated; and being told that they were, observed: It is a great satisfaction to me to know that we have beaten the French.
9. Given certain conditions, such work could be done by everybody.
10. His prose essays were written at various times, being as a rule prefixed to his poems and dramas.
11. Being brought to his lodging, the surgeons examined his wound but there was no hope; that very evening he died.
12. Granted different historical conditions, it is quite possible that the official language of Italy today might be a polished Sicilian, or Umbriari, or Bolognese, instead of a polished Tuscan.
13. Taken in this ordinary literary sense this phrase refers only to time, but colloquially it is often used to mean at any circumstances.
14. These poets developed their particular style so far that they drove from poetry all signs of natural feeling. Thus, following nature without art came art without nature, and following that, a fairly good combination of the two.
15. A cloud of suspicion had gathered about him, and he found it best to flee the country for England, closely followed by eighteen chests of books.
16. Given a minimal nonredundant valuation, as above, we can define a phoneme as a set of segments with identical values.
17. The rains in Egypt begin to fall in March, and being supplemented by the melting of the mountain snows in the following months, occasion a perceptible rise in the river about the end of June.
18. This is an extreme example of a periodic style. It demands close attention; read cursorily, it is hard to understand.
19. Given to the world in 1938 this work was translated into English only twenty years later.
20. Abandoning the study of law, Oliver Holmes graduated in medicine, finishing his course with a two years study in Paris.
21. This hospital was created by Harun-al-Rashid at the beginning of the ninth century, following the Persian model, as its name indicates.
22. Given any specific vocabulary of speech signals, we can calculate the relative importance of each feature for distinguishing the alternative signals and so devise a weighting factor for each channel.
:
when - , ;
while , , ,
, ; if ;
unless , ; until (); as , .
+ I
:
( );
;
, ( ), ( ) ; :
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When showing his finds the archaeologist gave a detailed description of the site.
, .
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, .
+ II
, II ( ) , , :
If taken separately these words mean the following... , ...
II , .10 , when shown, : , - - ; .:
When shown to the experts the manuscript aroused great interest.
, .
, ...
When shown that manuscript the scholars became very much interested in it.
, .
( ) : , ..., , ....
1. .
1. If translated into European languages this historical work may prove helpful both to historians and ethnographers.
10 (. 9).
2. When asked why he had done so he smiled but did not say a word.
3. When sent to the North he took part in the exploration of the tundra.
4. If taken separately the sentence may be rendered in quite a different sense.
5. If sent two copies of this book could you give me one?
6. When reading books we often come across different expressions denoting one and the same notion.
7. This photograph would be missed at once if taken from her.
8. If asked for this book can be found easily.
9. When asked to give an account of your search do not forget to say a few words about your latest find.
10. The conclusion would be hazardous unless supported by further evidence.
2, , .
1. paints the North as he feels it, and I am sure the English Academy-goer 11 would declare, when looking at his pictures, that no such scenes as those represented could be found under the sun.
2. When cleaned and dried, this canoe weighed sixty pounds, and could be transported with the greatest facility by a single individual.
3. In the 18th century when seeking for gold and silver many Europeans went to the newly discovered continent of America.
4. When unaccented all the English vowels tend to become the neutral sound.
5. Any dead fish soon acquires an exceedingly unpleasant smell if left exposed for only a few hours, but the odour of a dead herring becomes twice noticeable.
6. The shells themselves, while showing traces of approaching disintegration, are still in a sound condition, excepting, however, those near the substratum.12
7. Books are reserved for readers for two days and if not applied for are returned to the shelves on the morning of the third day.
11 Academy-goer .
12 substratum .
8. In those days in Japan, the tea was so much a favourite pastime with the feudal lords that they could not do without 13 it even while occupied with military affairs.
9. When struck with a flint, iron pyrites 14 gives a spark, just as steel does. So upper palaeolithic Europeans had discovered the method of fire production.
10. Al-Kindi's principal work on geometrical and physical optics, based on the Optics of Euclid, was widely used in both East and West until superseded by the greater work of ibn-al-Haythana.15
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11. John Cabbot or Giovanni Caboto was a professional navigator and came to England when hired by Henry VII to explore the Atlantic routes.
12. As practised by a master, punctuation has grace.
