:
. -312
______________ . . _______ . .
() ()
__________________ _____________________
( ) ( )
2011.
1.
2.
3. :
)
)
4.
5.
1.
:
h = 6,2 ;
d = 1,5 ;
β = 19 ;
= 22 ;
γ = 23,0 6 / 3 ( ).
:
φ = 28 ;
= 9 ;
γ = 17,6 / 3 ;
φ = 20 ;
= 35 ;
γ = 19,4 / 3 .
( 1.1). , p.
1.1. , ,
2.
:
σ = γzλa 2c√λa (2.1)
σ = γzλ 2c√λ (2.2)
c , λa,λp , :
λa = (1 Sinφ) /(1 + Sinφ) = tg(45 φ/2) (2.3)
λa = tg2(45 28/2) = 0,361
λ = (1 + Sinφ) /(1 Sinφ) = tg(45 + φ/2) (2.4)
λ = tg2(45 + 28/2) = 2,77
φ .
, (2.5) (2.6) :
σ = ( + γz)λa 2c√λa (2.5)
σ = (22 + 17,6*6,2)0,361 2*9*0,601 = 36,516
σp = γz1λp + 2c√λp (2.6)
σp = 17,6*1,5*2,77 + 2*35*1,664 = 189,608
γ, γ0 ; z,z1 , ; ,0 ; λa,λp , (2,3) (2,4) φ φ0 .
|
|
z =0:
σ = (22 + 17,6*0)*0,361 2*9*(0,601) = 7,942 10,818= -2,876 .
σ<0 ,
h =((2*Cosφ)/(1 Sinφ) p)/γ ≥0 (2.7)
h = ((2*9*0,883)/(1-0,469) 22)/17,6 = 0,354
( 2.1). , , , σ . 0 ≤ z ≤ h σ = 0, , . ( = H = 0) (h = 0).
, , h > 0, :
= 1/2 σ*(h h) (2.8)
= 1/2*36,516*(6,2 0,354) = 106,736
h ; σ (z=h).
(h h)/3 = 1,949 .
(2,5) (2,6) , . : (2,1):
2.1.
σ = 2c√λ, σ = γ z 1λ (2.9)
σ = 2*35*1,664 = 116,48 ;
σ = 19,4*1,5*2,77 = 80,607 .
:
= σd, = 1/2*γod2λp; (2.10)
= 116,48*1,5 = 174,72
= 0,5*19,4*2,25*2,77 = 60,455
3.
, , . . , .
= G*tgφo + cob, (3.1)
= 221,172*0,364 + 35*2,494 = 167,79
G .
: .
Gi = γ Ai, (3.2)
G1 = 23*6,2*0,5*1 = 71,3
G2 = 23*1,994*1/2*6,2*1 = 106,522
G3 = 23*1/2*0,445*1,5*1 = 7,676
|
|
G = 71,3 + 142,172 + 7,676 = 221,172
Ai .
k = Qz / Qr, (3.3)
k = 402,965/106,736 = 3,775
Qz, Qr :
Qz = + + , Qr = . (3.4)
Qz = 174,72 + 60,455 + 167,79 = 402,965 ;
Qr = 106,736 .
, :
k = Qz / Qr ≥ γn/m (3.5)
k = 3,775≥ γn/m = 1,1/0,9 =1,222
γn = 1,1 ; m = 0,9 .
( 1 .2.1.). , G1, G2, G3 . :
k = z /Mu, (4.1)
k = 519,268/217,236 = 2,39
z,Mu :
z = G1g1 + G2g2 + G3g3 + d/2 + d/3; (4.2)
z = 71,3*2,244+ 106,522*1,328 + 7,676*0,148 + 174,72*1,5/2 + 60,455*1,5/3 =
= 463,861*
u = a*(h h)/3, (4.2)
u = 106,736 *(6,2 0,354)/3 = 207,993 *
gi Gi 1.
,
k = z /Mu ≥ γn/m, (4.3)
k = 2,23 ≥ γn/m =1,1/0,8 = 1,375
: γ= 1,1; m = 0,8.