1. . :
) imagine being a foreigner; imagine having a younger brother; imagine being a non-native English speaker and trying to find some job;
) it is often said that; it is seldom mentioned that; it is never meant that; it is sometimes argued that;
) to be greeted with a look of surprise; to be treated as dearest guests; to be dined and wined; to be met with suspicion; to be done with precision; ) to be likely to hear; to be likely to come across; to be likely to be met
2. , , - . :
a) fair weather, fair knowledge, fair competition, fair complexion, fair distribution of wealth, fair chance, the fair sex;
) global atmosphere, global communication, global cuisine, global disarmament, global war;
) fine arts, a fine edge, fine china, fine mechanics, fine chemicals, fine paper;
) distinct footprints, distinct possibility, distinct advantage, distinct preference, distinct smell;
3. , :
1. Health and fai r time of a day!
2. Dont you miss a fair chance given to you.
3. All is fair in love and war.
4. Do you believe that once I was fair and young.
5. He has a fair income.
6. It must be a fair competition.
(, , , , , , )
1. Man has no Body distinct from his Soul.
2. The student had distinct advantage over his mates.
3. These are two distinct cultural groups.
4. Her speech was marked with distinct English accent.
5. There was a distinct smell of something burning.
6. American cities are as distinct as fingerprints.
(, , , , , , , )
1. A nation could split over the language issue.
2. The President spoke to the nation.
3. Nation shouldnt lift up sword against nation.
4. In this nation I see one third of its citizens ill-housed and ill-nourished.
5. Surely, this great nation is a wise and courageous people.
6. He doesnt look a man having the ability to govern this nation.
7. Otherwise they are ready to start nation-wide strike.
8. The USSR was the nation-victor in the World War II.
9. At The Nation we say This is what journalism looks like.
(, , , , , , , )
4. :
1. We will always have a kind of sentiment to our alma mater.
2. The average per capita income in the country has grown by 12 percent.
3. It is mentioned that China is ready to allow Taiwan de facto independence but as long as it doesnt declare de jure independence.4. One can say all American cities are alike, I can say au contraire.
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5. You are perfectly right, - the sheriff grumbled, - herhez la femme.
6. It is necessary to preserve the status quo.
7. My favorite local TV program is a posteriori.
8. A student of such background has to be a priori very smart.
9. You have to get over this loss cest la vie!
10. Shes just a spoiled girl living la dolce vita.
5. , :
1. There is a popular tendency among most newsmen and TV commentators to portray Congressmen as men who are working themselves to death to serve the people.
2. The victory of the popular revolution in Cuba has become an example for the peoples of Latin America.
3. The results show that he is more popular than both the President and the Vice-president.
4. To tell the truth, I am not a champion of marriage.
5. You have to draw a distinction between good and evil.
6. A state is obliged to provide social and political freedom without distinction based on race, sex, class, etc.
7. She was widely known as a champion of womens rights.
8. She had the distinction of being the first woman to fly to Space.
9. It was done in response to popular demand.
10. I got a distinction in my history exam.
6. , .
1. Tickets are available at the box office.
2. I am available in the afternoon mainly.
3. The availability of cheap and effective sell phone is rather problematic.
4. He can hardly be called an efficient secretary.
5. We offer a fast, efficient and friendly service.
6. I was impressed by the efficiency with which they handled the crisis.
7. He met a challenge with willingness.
8. His statements are open to challenge.
9. He was the challenger for this title.
10. The new discovery challenges t raditional beliefs.
11. It annoys me when people forget to say thank you.
12. The mosquitoes annoyed me so much that I couldnt sleep.
13. One of the annoyances of travelling there is bad roads.
14. Public disclosure of events, however embarrassing, is very important.
15. She was embarrassed by his comments.
16. They were criticized for spying and other embarrassing operation in that country.
17.To be fair, because of those annoying insects and maddening heat our trip became rather embarrassing.
18. He is an unmarried man without dependants.
19. We are looking for a dependable woman for house- keeping.
20. We need speed, quality, dependability and flexibility.
7. , :
1. ³ . ͳ , .
2. ³ . .
3. ( ).
4. . ͳ .
5. , .
6. . - , .
7. , , .
8. , .
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9. .
10. .
11. .
12. - , , .
13. , .
14. .
15. . . , .
1. 1 . . .
2. .
1. Spanglish
According to the 2000 census, 35,3 mln. Hispanics live in the United States. This number makes their community the largest minority (majority minority) in the country. All this has created an unparalleled situation of language contact. In effort to present the mother tongue while at the same time acculturate to mainstream Americana has resulted in a variant of Spanglish - the curious blend of English and Spanish.
It is difficult to define Spanglish. There is simple a code switching, moving from one language to another (Youve got a nasty mancha on your camiseta); adaption of an English word into a Spanish form (Quiero parquear el coche?); translation of an English expression into Spanish using English syntax (Te llamo para art s for Ill call you back); and straight phonetic translation.
As language, culture and identity are interrelated, Spanglish has become a defining point for Mexican-Americans too Mexican to be American and too American to be Mexican.
1. community. .
2. majority minority .
3. , .
4. .
2. Russian lawmakers try to stop a foreign slang
Russian nationalists, backed by some linguists and language specialists, have been warning for years that the Russian language which was carefully supervised in Soviet times is going out of control and could be inundated by the wave of foreign borrowings. Experts have even given the phenomenon an English label: nyu spik (newspeak).
Often these borrowings describe something fundamentally new to Russia, such as broker, dealer, sponsor, cheeseburger, provider, etc. Ironically, some of these words are employed every day by Duma deputies electorate, speaker, consensus, impeachment. But purists complain that no effort has been made to adapt older and grammatically harmonious Russian words to meet new purposes. And they become furious at the increasingly popular usage of English words where perfectly good Russian equivalents exist. For example, many sportscasters now say goalkeeper rather than the familiar Russian vratar. Street signs in downtown Moscow refer to parking, not a traditional stoyanka. Even criminals use killer instead of Russian ubyitsa.
Russian nationalists seem not to understand that in the modern globalized world the only way to halt the process would be to impose complete isolation. Who wants that?
1. borrowing slang.
2. nationalist . ?
3.
3. Hinglish
Turn on any Indian TV station these days and youre likely to hear things like Hungry kya? and What your bahana is? . Coke in India has its own native slogan Life ho to aisi (Life should be like this). These and countless other new words and phrases are part of the language in the country. Hinglish (the mix of Hindi and English) is the language of the street and the college campus, a bridge between two cultures that has become an island of its own.
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The hybrid is hip at present and it turns up in the oddest places, from TV ads to taxicabs, and even in movies. It is the fastest-growing language in the country. Ten years ago if somebody used Hinglish it would be a sign of a lack of education. Now its a huge advantage.
Indeed, David Crystal, a British linguist, recently projected that about 350 million the worlds Hinglish speakers may soon outnumber native English speakers.
1. :
hybrid, campus, outnumber, advantage.
2. , :
the fastest-growing language; the slowest-reading pupil, the least-gaining student, the worst-working employee, the fastest-developing nation, the sweetest- smelling tea
3. , odd, :
1. Havent you noticed you have odd socks on?
2. Rather odd manners, I should say.
3. Everything she could find were some odd bits of food.
4. Mind that pictures are on odd pages.
5. We tried to avoid odd corners.
6. He couldnt afford having only some odd jobs.
4. - , , - hip:
1.Its hard to be hip over 50 when everyone else is 20.
, 50.
2.This word is hip now.
.
3. My parents arent exactly hip, you know.
쳺, .
4. She was the hippest girl in our gang.
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