. .
.
, . :
a = g (4.3.15)
.
, . :
sina / sinb = n 2/ n 1. (4.3.16)
n 1 n 2 .
.
. a b a
a = arcsin(n 2 /n 1), (4.3.17)
b (b = p /2).
, a p /2, . , (4.3.17) .
, , , , . , , . FF, 1 2 , . , , , , , . , , .
M
F F
O1 O O2
N
, , .
, , . :
, , F. , . : . MN, , . , , , ( ).
, , :
|
|
1) , , ;
2) , , ;
3) , , ( ).
:
, (4.3.18)
d , f , F . (4.3.18) , , , . F > 0, F < 0.
D , (n ):
D = n / F. (4.3.19)
:
D = D 1 + D 2 + D 3 + (4.3.20)
1 1 .
= | 1 1|/| | = f/d. (4.3.21) :
= 1 2 3 (4.3.22)
: L 0,25 .
.
, d.
:
Z , (4.3.23)
l , n , (u /2) ( , ).
:
D = k /(dcosj), (4.3.24)
k , d , j .
, , (l + D l) k - l. ,
l/Dl = kN, (4.3.25)
l / Dl , N .
9. , 2 . , 24 . .
: = 2; f = 24 = 0,24 .
: F.
.
A
A 1
2 F B F F 2 F B 1
d f
. , , , ; , , . 1 . 1 , , 1 1 . (4.3.18), F:
|
|
F = df /(d+f). (4.3.26)
(4.3.21):
= f / d, d = f / . (4.3.27)
(4.3.27) (4.3.26),
F = f /(+ 1) = 0,24/(2+1) = 8×10-2 .
: F = 8×10-2 .
10. , 16 ? .
: D = 16 .
: .
. , , F, (4.3.21),
= f/d.
, , (L = 0,25 ), f = L, , ,
= L / F = LD,
F , D = 1/ F, (4.3.19).
, = 0,25×16 = 4.
A 1
A
1 F B O F
, . , : , , ; , , . 1 . 1 . , 1 1 , .
11. , 18 . , , 2 40 . .
: l = 18 = 0,18 , F 1 = 2 = 2×10-3 , F 2= 40 = 4×10-3 .
: .
. , . , (. . ). , F 1 , D. F 2. , 1 , . , F 2 MN , . .
M
A B 2 B 1 O2 F 2
B F 1 O 1
A1 D K
A 2 E N
2 , , . 2 , , 2 2 .
( ), (4.3.22):
= 1 2, (4.3.28)
1 , 2 . , (. (4.3.21))
1 = f 1/ d 1. (4.3.29)
f 1 l, d 1 F 1, 1 l / F 1.
,
2 = L / F 2, (4.3.30)
L , L = 0,25 ( ).
(4.3.29) (4.3.30) (4.3.28),
= lL / F 1 F 2 = 562.
: = 562.
12. 6000 -1. , (n = 1,47), , , 446 ?
: Z = 6000 -1,
n = 1,47,
l = 446 = 446×10-9.
|
|
: u /2.
. , (4.3.23):
Z ,
, :
sin (u /2) = 0,5 l /(nZ) Þ u /2 = arcsin [(0,5 l /(nZ)] = 65,5.
: u /2 = 65,5.
13. 5 2000 . ) 546 . ) 700 ?
: l = 5 = 5×10-3 ,
N = 2000,
l = 546 = 546×10-9 .
: ) (l/Dl) ; ) D.
. ) 546 . (4.3.25) (4.3.8) , sinj = 1:
l / Dl = kN, (l / Dl) = kN
dsinj = kl, dsinj = kl, d = kl,
(4.3.9)
d = l / N, k = d/l = l / Nl = 4,58 = 4,
(l / Dl) = 4 N = 4×2000 = 8000.
) , 700 .
(4.3.24) (4.3.8) :
D = k /(dcosj), dsinj = kl.
(4.3.8) , j:
sinj = kl / d = 0,56 Þ j = arcsin (0,56) = 34.
(4.3.24) :
D = k /(dcosj) = 9,65×105 -1.
: (l/Dl) = 8000, D = 9,65×105 -1.