1. At any big parade there are usually police to keep __ the crowds.
2. On fences in Britain there are often notices that say: Private Property. Keep __.
3. The students were kept __ because they hadnt done their homework.
4. When you get to the traffic lights, go straight across and keep __ until you come to a school.
5. The builders used metal poles to keep the building __.
6. There were high walls around the building to keep __ unwelcome visitors.
7. The soldier tried to keep __ as the bullets flew over his head.
8. Johnny! Keep your hands __ that cake.
9. Keeping something __ means maintaining or supporting it, but it can also mean continuing an activity.
10. Fences are used to keep funs __ at football matches.
Down on at to up up with away off
1. Dont come any closer! he said. Keep __!
2. If you go to the UK with your car, you must remember to keep __ the left-hand side of the road when you drive.
3. A lot of people spend much of their time trying to keep __ their neighbours, but I dont.
4. No, he hasnt touched a drop. Hes managed to keep __ alcohol for the last year.
5. I wish youd spot keeping __ me to buy you sweets.
6. Dictators generally employ the armed forces to keep the people __.
7. Even if you feel low, youve still got to try and keep your spirits __.
8. As long as you keep __ the side roads, I dont think youll meet too much traffic.
9. Unless you attend class regularly, you may find it difficult to keep __ the rest of the students.
10. Well done! This is excellent. Keep it __!
Supply the necessary particles with the verb to keep for the following verbs:
| to make smb. stay out when you encourage smb. not to come closer | to continue to be at a distance to oppress | to make repeated requests to level with |
Exercise VIII. Translate into English, using words from Essential Vocabulary (p. 129):
.
1. ? , . ! 2. , . 3. . , . 4. ? , . , . 5. ? , . 6. . , . , . 7. , . 8. . ͳ . 9. ? . , ? 10. , , . 11. , . 12. , . - , ! 13. , .
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14. ̳ - , . ³ . ³ . 15. , ? , . , , . 16. , , ! 17. . , , . 18. , , , . ! 19. , , ? ! ѳ, . 20. . . 21. : . 22. , , . , . 23. . . 24. , , . 25. , , . , , ? 26. , - , , , -, !
Exercise IX. Translate into English using Word Combinations (p. 129):
1. , ! . 2. . . 3. , . . 4. , . , , - . 5 7. , . , , , . , . 89. - , , , , . , - -. 1012. , . , ; . , , . 13. . , , . 14. . , , . 15. , , - , ! 16 17. , , - . , . , , . 18. , , . . . 19. . , , . , . 20. ! - . , . . 21 22. : , ! : , . , , . 23. , . 24. . . 25. , (), , , . 26. 83 -. , . 83- . 131. 27. , , . 28. , , - . 29. , . , . 30. . , .
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UNIT FIVE.
A FRESHMAN'S EXPERIENCE
"A little learning is a dangerous thing".
Alexander Pope
Translate into English using your active vocabulary:
. . 3 , . , . .
, , . . , , . . , .
, . . !
. ., . . . .
, , . , , . , . , . , . , . !
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UNIT SIX.
A FRIEND IN NEED
What is your chief worry?
Money.
Oh, I didnt know you had any!
I havent.
EXERCISES
Speech Patterns
Exercise I. Translate into English using Speech Patterns:
. neednt do smth. ( absence of necessity for the action) /neednt have done smth. (absence of necessity for a performed action)
1. : . 2. : . 3. : . 4. . . 5. , .
B. more than usual
1. , . 2. , , . 3. , , .
C. those blue eyes of his
1. . , . 2. . 3. .
Exercise II. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the text:
His name was He was not a bad He was handsome , with hair and cheeks. Woman a lot about him. He a lot. He made a bit of money by -Soon he went because he hadnt been to to bridge, hed been playing One day he came to Burtons office as he was a of his and as he was and He said if he something he It turned out that except - he could He used to for his university. Old Burton understood at once what he After a Old Burton proposed him to from Shioya Club round the to the of Tarumi. The young man was It was rather difficult on the currents round the And he had his by and The old man could just his shoulders. The young man hesitated for a moment and then But he had bad he would never I was by this story. When I asked Burton if he had known that the young man wold be He his chin and said that he hadnt a in his office at that moment.
Exercise III. Translate into Russian/Ukrainian commenting on the usage of words (Vocabulary Notes, p.p. 197 201):
A.
1.There was a girl with curl, and when she was good, she was very, very good; but when she was bad, she was awful. 2. The Bishop mounted his horse, shook his head, curled his lip, and having so expressed his unfavourable opinion of townspeople who (he was glad to admit) did not belong to his diocese, broke into gallop. 3. The man engaged in hanging was wearing a frock coat with high collar, and his long fair curls fell finely upon his broad shoulders. 4. The boy ate his supper decently and thanked the old lady. Then he curled up comfortably and modestly in the corner and fell asleep as soon as his head touched the bundle of hay that served him for a pillow. 5. Her hair was but excellent: natural blonde and long and silky and curly. It looked magnificent in the shining sun. If not for the eyes, steel-grey and steel-cold, she would have been as charming as she was beautiful. 6. The game was lost. King Rudolf swore under his breath and grabbed glass but discovering it was empty threw it irritably on the floor. The glass shivered into fragments at the Counts feet. 7. Tom! Come here, Tom. Aunt Polly looked at the boy through her glasses. You break my heart. Where have you been? 8. Robert saw the enemy detachment quickly cross the open space. On the edge of the forest they paused for a short while and broke in small groups of two and three. 9. The Kings gravest vice was dicing which he enjoyed beyond words. A born gamester, he could not control himself in a game, doubled and trebled his stakes when the moment was unfavourable, and in a year or two he went broke though he kept the fact back from even his own advisors. 10. The engagement to Maurice being broken, Kate felt unhappy but at the same time beginning to recover the intoxicating feeling of freedom. 11. He was Jennifers second cousin who broke from the family long ago and went to Central America. They had never heard from him since. 12. They never managed to break through the enemy lines and so had to retreat, losing men in fighting back guerilla attacks and frequently having to break into peasants huts to procure scarce food. 13. The Soviet atomic icebreaker Arctica was the first ship ever to reach the North Pole (1977). 14. In the 19th century Russia most people, sometimes even among the nobility, got married through the services of marriage brokers.
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B.
15. I want you to drop this business. I want you to forget it. I wont have you in my town again, said Lieutenant Maglashan putting the pigskin glove on his right hand. You think it will stick? I said. 16. Remember, you should stick to your words, said Flanaghan. The cops put down everything you say so as to trap you. If you said the room had been empty, you should never admit there had been someone in that damned room. Stick to what you said the first time, I tell you. 17. At the reception desk there was a notice stuck to the wall with four thumbtacks no two of which matched. It said: Press the button to call the assistant manager. 18 19. The last two nights Larry had to walk, barely covering five or six miles a night. His tin of a car had hopelessly stuck in the mud not far from the bridge, a short way down the river. The precious time had most probably been lost, but Larry went on by foot, almost without pausing, driven by passionate desire to join the retreating British troops and to stick to them whatever happens. 20. The planet seemed rather unfriendly. Every now and then Leilas feet got stuck in the drift sand and it was only with great effort that she managed not to lose her balance, struggling every inch of the way forward. 22. Magdalene, in her beautiful new dress, its flounces cascading almost to the floor, with a flaming red carnation stuck in her neatly dressed black hair was quite irresistible and looked well aware of it. 23. The desert was still under the morning sun, already hot and burning. Only a camelcade with a few drivers and a stern-looking caravan-bashee, anxious to reach the nearest oasis before the deadly heat of the noon, passed by the two travellers. 24 25. Thank you, Alexandra, for taking the trouble to bring me those rolls of film, said Richard Stewart. Shall I drive you home? Oh, it wasnt any trouble at all. Only I mixed up the trains. And Ill get back by bus, the bus stop is just round the corner, said she. 26. Dont worry, maam, said he as convincingly as he could. With Philip Marlow at the driving wheel you will be there in practically no time, safe and sound as if you were sitting on the porch of your own house all the time, nodding peacefully in the sun. 27. In 1947, when Smithfield lorry drivers went on strike, the Labour Government had to employ the Army units to prevent any pauses in deliveries of meat rations. 28. It took all Dennys strength to drive the nail from the wooden plank, but once he succeeded the door could be easily opened at last. Now he was free!
C.
29. The jury returned in less than half an hour. The foreman pronounced the verdict: Not guilty. A short pause followed his words, broken by cries of rapture in the public. 3031. Well, boys, let us now proceed with Geography, said the teacher. This time we are going to travel to Russia. Which of you can tell me what town is the capital of that country? At this point he made a pause to give them a chance of expressing their willingness to answer. Only one of the boys raised his hand and the teacher nodded to him. Yes, Tommy, go right ahead. Well, sir, Im afraid I dont know anything about the capital, but I heard Daddy say Russia is mighty far away from here, and you cant live there cause of too much snow and cold wind and frost from one end of the year to the other. 32. Ellen took her breath, making a pause for a few moments, then she proceeded with her narration. 33. They stopped digging, looked up and stared at the clouds. The wind grew stronger with every minute, and the clouds were driven along the skies with frightening speed. 34 35. In a shallow cave there was a figure glimmering in the twilight. Ramsey took his breath, and his hand trembling with excitement touched it. The figure nodded to him mockingly, and Ramsey gave a momentary start. 36. The Bishop burst into the room. With the point of his sword resting on the floor, he took off his feathered hat politely, bowed to Count Nikolas and asked: Where is the Princess, my lord? 37 38. Then Sir Gawein bowed to the Queen, bowed his knee before the King and said: I swear that I will do everything in human power to obey your orders, my lord. Sir Remodan I will find and fight him should it even bring me to ruin. 39. No, she said with an evident effort, shaking her head thoughtfully, I cant agree to that though I should like to very much. 40. Well, said I, you neednt give the answer right now. Think it over and come again on Wednesday. That will be no good, he said resolutely and shook his head as if confirming his words. I said I didnt like the job and I dont think I will like it any more on Wednesday. 41. The bowed figure came closer and Ramsey thought he recognized old Chapman with his carved walking stick, but in a few moments he saw he had been mistaken. 42. A casual glance, a vacant look, a majestic nod, - and the Queen passed by Hothorn. He was thinking hard on his way back from the palace, shaking his head in despair.
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D.
43. He turned round and saw American tourists busily taking photos against the background of picturesque ruins. 44. The ruins of antique towns in the Crimea produce invaluable evidence of life and activities that were in full swing there more than two thousand years ago. 45. The man looked rather suspicious. The soldiers who had detained him told me he had been digging among the ruins with his bare hands, the only one living creature to be found in or around the village levelled to the ground by German bombs. 46. Jeffreys business had been thriving for many years, and then, all of a sudden, it was ruined completely in October 1929 when the Great Depression turned fortunes to nothing in a day or two. 47. The accident at Chappaquiddick in 1969 ruined Senator Edward Kennedys reputation, preventing him from any further attempts at presidential elections. 48. The kingdom divided against itself shall be ruined. 49. That was such a nice new pencil with a rubber, in a golden case, to which funny pictures were stuck, that Eve was not able to stand waiting for tomorrow. She felt she must have it now. 50. The weather was abominable through the whole of March. Even with his Capuchin raincoat and rubbers Jimmy felt very uncomfortable. 51. Uncle Ben and Aunt Peggy are coming to see us on Saturday evening. You know, they have stayed in the Southern seas for so many years and returned home but a few weeks back. For such an occasion you must give the entire cutlery and the table silver a good rub a very good rub, I should say, said Miss Dewy in her sweetest voice. 52. One could hardly reckon on any bungalows being vacant at the peak of the season. The best you can afford at this time must be a mean room they might spare in an overcrowded hotel. 53. Duty-free shops are to be found mostly in airports and seaports, where transit passengers can purchase certain goods without paying Customs duty as the goods do not actually cross the border. 54. Spacious hall was empty save two inconspicuous figures in the armchairs at the father end. 55. Excuse me, said she with a gracious bow and a sweet smile, I am engaged for the next three dances, but you may invite me to the waltz, if you will, milord. 56. The Princess tried to draw back from Count Nikolas but his grip was tight on her arms. 57. During dinner, while Andrew was chewing his piece of old meat, Mrs. Page was busy helping herself to wine and hot beefsteak.
Exercise IV. Paraphrase the following sentences, using words and expressions from Essential Vocabulary:
1. The girl was somewhat plump, with sparkling dark-grey eyes, curving eyelashes and auburn hair in ringlets, nice snub nose and dimpled cheeks, and Jimmy rather liked her. 2. Under the helicopter stretched a vast forest, and above it smoke was coming up in rings and spirals. 3. Janes hair was not permed though it certainly looked like it. As it turned out, it was natural. 4. Johnny, you are as graceful as an elephant in a china-store! You have turned the whole flat upside down, and Mummys favourite vase is now completely crashed. 5. The mate was passing by, and the conspirators sitting in circle on the quarterdeck stopped their discussion. 6. Fortunately, the fire started when half the team were not yet ashore, so they managed to prevent the flame from reaching tanks and possible disaster was finally averted. 7. If you love me as you say you do, said Joan, malicious flames in her eyes, you must stop seeing Annie once for all. And dont tell me about business! I know pretty well what kind of business you mean with her. 8. Mankinds decisive penetration into space marked he beginning of a new era the era of high technologies and new international approaches in search of material and moral resources required for space exploration. 9. One of the best known gunmen in the 19th century Western states was nicknamed Billy the Kid, being rather young and very tall, and the nickname has been used up to this day. 10. A decent person is supposed always to do what he/she promised to do. 11. Miss Marple was clever enough to take the fingerprints of a woman she suspected a criminal. She made her touch a lump of very adhesive candies, thus obtaining a complete set of fingerprints. 12. A concrete pathway led to the garage at the rear of the main building. 13. The court is awaiting your answer to the most essential question: who actually was at the wheel right at the moment of the accident, said Judge Brent Thompson gravely. 14. Lord Derby got purple with rage on learning that his coachman was drunk again and subsequently unable to perform his duties. 15. She said that the other day Dumbert had met her in the street and proposed to go to the country in his car next Sunday. 16. Ive had enough of your care! cried Herbert hysterically. I have a pretty clear idea of what you want to achieve: just to get me in the lunatic asylum and take my business into your own hands. 17. The audience boiling with indignation, Father Coughling was compelled to keep silent for a short while until his boys finished convincing the liberals in the lecture-hall with their fists and clubs. 18. Poirot suddenly interrupted his walking to and fro, his eyes became very green with unmitigated satisfaction as he had evidently come to certain conclusions. Then he resumed marching up and down the room, his excitement growing stronger, it seemed, with every new step. 19. A heart-rending sound of brakes followed the noise of the motor, and a Chevrolet came to a halt one or two feet outside the front gate. 20. His Majesty expressed his gratefulness to the knight with a cursory half-bow and returned to the rubber he was playing with the Cardinal and both Royal Dukes. 21. The situation did not permit Joan to express her utter disapproval of the suggestion except with energetic motions of her head. 22. He bent his head curtly to confirm Maggies words and proceeded with his book, absolutely indifferent to the results of the incident. 23. Jennifer began laughing disbelievingly, and presently she realized that the horrid thing had really occurred and that she was left without any financial resources worth speaking of in fact, little more than a mere beggar. 24. The remains of once magnificent temples and palaces still attract crowds of tourists to the Mediterranean area, where thousands of years ago great civilizations of Egypt and Greece, Rome and Carthage emerged, flourished and finally fell, leaving enduring memories to their spiritual descendants. 25. Too much spirits taken too often proved to have disastrous effect on his physical and mental abilities. 26. Before sitting to table Benny, as a well-bred boy, went to the bathroom, washed his hands with a piece of soap and dried them on the towel that was offered to him by Becky. 27. You have to memorize your instructions, said R., turning to the man at the fireside. Please, wipe off all the notes you have taken in your pad and do it before you leave. 28. Weve fired two or three employees recently, so I think we could engage your guys, at least temporarily. 29. This is a great singer, a real star. She always gets terrific contracts, and I dont remember her being out of work for the past ten or twelve years. 30. Jim was wearing an odd shirt, three sizes bigger than it should be, and that alone made him look ridiculous, to say nothing of the way he usually walked.
Exercise V. Translate into English using words from Essential Vocabulary (p. 202):
1. : . 2. , . , , , . 3. ³ , . , . . 4. . , . 5. . ³ , , - . 6. , . , . 7. , ! , , . 8. , , . ? 9. , . 10. , , . 11. , . 12. ? ͳ, ? . ? , . 13. ֳ . , . 14. . , . . 15. , , - , , . 16. , , . ! 17. , , . 18. . ! 19. . ³ . . ! 20. . , . ³ , . .
Exercise VI. Translate into English using Word Combinations (p. 202):
A.
1. - . . 2. , - : , , . 3. , , . 4. . 5. : , ; , , . 6. . , . 7. . , , , - , . 89. , , . , ! . , , , . . , , , . 10. : , . . 11. , . 12. , , - , . 13. , - . 14. , , . 15. , . 16. , , .
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17. , ? ? - . , . , , . 18. , ? . , . - , . 19. , . , . 2022. , . , , . , . . , , , . 23. , . 24. , . , : , , , . 25. , , , - , : , . 26 28. . , , . , , , . , , . . , - , - , . , - .29. - , ( ) . 30. 1980 40 50 . 31. , 1961 , . 32. - . - , . 33. , - , - .
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34. : , . , ? 35. , : ! 36. . , , , . 37. , . , . 38. , . - . 39. . , , . 40. , . 41. , : ! . 42. , : , . , . 43. , , , , - , - , . 44. . . , , . 45. . . 46. , , , - . . , , . 47. . , , .
Exercise VII. Retell this story in Russian for your friends to translate into English:
This is a story of a young but shallow man. He was told that there was a vacancy in a big trading company. As he was broken he decided to try to get that job. One day he drove up to the office. It was difficult to keep from laughing when looking at him. He had loose clothes on and tight shoes. His hair was curled in curlers but some of them he had forgotten to take off. And moreover he had stuck a flower in the buttonhole (). He looked like a clown. The manager who was to interview him was very surprised. He began to ask questions but the young man curled his lip. After a pause the manager started to tell him about their company. The man was only nodding. The manager was taken aback. He didnt know what to do. That man was driving him mad. The manager stopped his interview and rushed forward to the door. The young man was rather shocked and he said: If you dont give me this job I will commit suicide. The manager rubbed his chin: If I do I will ruin my life.
