㳿 - . ϳ , , , 2. .
, . :
hυ
²
2 Ͳ
2
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Բֲ (ֲ̲ , Ͳ )
2, 2
(2) n
()
() , ()- .
, 2. ϳ , , . , , . . , .
2 , . 2 2 +4 0 , . 2 , +. , 2.
2.2
㳿 - . . , (), . , , .
.. 4
. 4.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
g
( )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------
.
( )
˳
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, . . , . .
, . - : 400 700 . , . (. 5).
.. 5
-
-
| | | | | |
400 () 700
-. , - , . .
㳿 . . , : , , , d, . , . , , , . , , 㳿 .
. , 3 .
(. 6).
. 6
hυ
R
+ r
, . ᒺ - , 㳿. :
|
|
1. (), . 200 300 .
2. ( ), - , .
, 200-300 . : 200 , 700, , 200 , 200 680. .
( ) 700 680, . ̳ 㳿, , . ϳ 㳿 㳿 , 㳿, 680 -700 .
, , ( ) (. 7)
. 7.
hυ
400
700
, .
1/200-400 , , . , , 㳿 . 㳿 , - 㳿. 㳿.
㳿 (. 8.)
ϳ . , . , 䒺 . , , , . ϳ 䳺 .
.8.
㳿
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ) V
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(
)
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, . , , , . . 㳿 , . 㳿 . 㳿 , 㳿.
|
|
, , . .
, . ³ , 㳿 , , , . , .
( )
, - : . ֳ . 2 . : 2 - 2 , . . 㳿. ϳ 㳺 , 㳿 . , 2, .
9.
700 , , . , , + - , ( ) 2. , , + 2, 2. 2 .
. 9.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 → 2+ + 2- 2 → 2+ + 2-
2
2 +
GF1
Q Fd
3+
2 2
F0 F0
680 2 700
hυ
hυ 2+
2 + ½ 2 + 2+ (+ - )
, , 㳿 - . , 700. 700 680. , 㳺, , . , , 680 . , , , , , . , - 700 , .
|
|
, 680 + - 2. , , , , , . , - . , .
, . 680, , . 680 䳺 :
hυ
2 + ½ 2 + 2+.
680. ³ 㳿 . . , +, . 2, . , . 䳺: + 䳺, , 䳺 . + + - .
䳺 䳺: GF1-F0, . , : . GF1-F0 (. 10). , :
1. GF1 - (), , - ( + = ).
2. F0 (), , .
GF1 , F0 , . , GF1-F0, :
1. ó ̳. GF1. , 䳺 , 璺 , . , 䳿 .
2. ó . , : GF1 . , , GF1. 㳿. , .
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. 10
GF1-F0 ( )
. ̳
F0 GF1
2 + +
F0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F0 GF1
2 + +
F0
2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F0 GF1
F0
2
.
F0 GF1
2 +
+
F0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------